In re Subpoena to CRISIS CONNECTION Inc.

• Decision Date: 24 September 2010
• Docket Number: No. 19A05-0910-CR-602.,19A05-0910-CR-602.
• Citation: 933 N.E.2d 915
• Parties: In re Subpoena to CRISIS CONNECTION, INC., State of Indiana, Appellee-Plaintiff, v. Ronald Keith Fromme, Appellee-Defendant.
• Court: Indiana Appellate Court

933 N.E.2d 915

In re Subpoena to CRISIS CONNECTION, INC.,State of Indiana, Appellee-Plaintiff,

v.Ronald Keith Fromme, Appellee-Defendant.

No. 19A05-0910-CR-602.

Court of Appeals of Indiana.

Sept. 24, 2010.

Interlocutory appeal from the Dubois Circuit Court; The Honorable William E. Weikert, Judge; Cause No. 19C01-0708-FA-192.

Jon B. Laramore, Matthew T. Albaugh, Trina K. Taylor, Baker & Daniels LLP, Indianapolis, IN, Attorneys for Appellant Crisis Connection, Inc. S. Anthony Long, Long & Mathies Law Firm, Boonville, IN, Attorney for Appellee Ronald Keith Fromme.

OPINION ON REHEARING

CRONE, Judge.

Crisis Connection, Inc., a nonprofit organization that provides services to victims of domestic violence and sexual assault, petitions for rehearing in In re Subpoena to Crisis Connection, Inc., 930 N.E.2d 1169 (Ind.Ct.App.2010). We grant Crisis Connection's petition for the sole purpose of clarifying our holding.

Ronald Keith Fromme has been charged with two counts of class A felony child molesting. Fromme served a subpoena duces tecum on Crisis Connection, seeking all records relating to the alleged victims, M.Y. and D.Y., and their mother. On February 28, 2008, Crisis Connection moved to quash the subpoena, arguing that the records sought are privileged. See Ind.Code § 35-37-6-9 (victim-advocate privilege). ¹ The trial court ordered Crisis Connection to produce the records for an in camera review. The order was certified for interlocutory appeal, and we accepted jurisdiction. On appeal, we concluded that an in camera review properly balanced Fromme's constitutional rights with the victims' interest in privacy. Crisis Connection, 930 N.E.2d at 1189-90. Therefore, we affirmed the trial court's order.

On rehearing, Crisis Connection contends that our opinion did not require criminal defendants to make any threshold showing before obtaining an in camera review of the confidential records of a victim advocate. Crisis Connection urges us to adopt the standard endorsed by a Michigan case, People v. Stanaway, 446 Mich. 643, 521 N.W.2d 557 (1994), cert. denied. To obtain an in camera review of privileged records, Stanaway required the defendant to demonstrate “a good-faith belief, grounded on some demonstrable fact, that there is a reasonable probability that the records are likely to contain material information necessary to the defense.” Id. at 574.

In our opinion, we discussed decisions from several other states addressing their own versions of the victim-advocate privilege, including Stanaway. We concluded that Stanaway and other cases allowing for in camera review upon a sufficient showing of need were better reasoned than those that had viewed the privilege as absolute. Crisis Connection, 930 N.E.2d at 1185.

Although we cited the reasoning and outcome of Stanaway with approval, we looked to our own decisional law to determine what standard criminal defendants should meet. In Williams v. State, we set out a three-step test to determine what information is discoverable in criminal cases:

(1) there must be a sufficient designation of the items sought to be discovered (particularity); (2) the items requested must be material to the defense (relevance); and (3) if the particularity and materiality requirements are met, the trial court must grant the request unless there is a showing of “paramount interest” in non-disclosure.

Williams, 819 N.E.2d 381, 385 (Ind.Ct.App.2004) (quoting In re WTHR-TV, 693 N.E.2d 1, 6 (Ind.1998)), trans. denied. Fromme argued that this was the standard that he needed to meet in order to obtain an in camera review, whereas Crisis Connection contended that the test applied only to non-privileged evidence.

We ultimately agreed with Fromme: “While we acknowledge that the three-step test has not always been applied to privileged information, we now conclude that it provides a useful framework for balancing the victim's interest in privacy with a defendant's constitutional rights.” Crisis Connection, 930 N.E.2d at 1189-90. We held that defendants must meet the three-step test before obtaining an in camera review: “Requiring defendants to meet the three-step test before obtaining an in camera review creates the proper balance between a criminal defendant's constitutional rights and an alleged victim's need for privacy.” Id. at 1190. Thus, contrary to Crisis Connection's argument on rehearing, we did require defendants to make a threshold showing before obtaining an in camera review.

Applying this standard to Fromme's case, we stated:

In Fromme's case, the trial court has already found that Fromme has met the particularity and materiality criteria, and Crisis Connection has not disputed those findings. The interest in privacy asserted by Crisis Connection, while important, is not strong enough to bar an in camera review of its records.

Id.; see also id. at 1172 (quotin...