In re Weiss

• Decision Date: 14 December 1967
• Docket Number: No. M 11-188.,M 11-188.
• Citation: 279 F. Supp. 857
• Parties: In the Matter of the Motion of Burton I. WEISS, Carl David Burak, James Creegan, Robert Greenblatt, William Mittelman and Christopher Robinson to Quash Grand Jury Subpoenas Requiring Their Appearance before the October Special Grand Jury Convened to Investigate Alleged Violations of Section 462, Title 50, Appendix United States Code.
• Court: U.S. District Court — Southern District of New York

279 F. Supp. 857

In the Matter of the Motion of Burton I. WEISS, Carl David Burak, James Creegan, Robert Greenblatt, William Mittelman and Christopher Robinson to Quash Grand Jury Subpoenas Requiring Their Appearance before the October Special Grand Jury Convened to Investigate Alleged Violations of Section 462, Title 50, Appendix United States Code.

No. M 11-188.

United States District Court S. D. New York.

December 14, 1967.

Robert M. Morgenthau, U. S. Atty., by Exec. Asst. U. S. Atty. Albert J. Gaynor, New York City, for defendants.

Alan H. Levine, Edward J. Ennis, Marvin M. Karpatkin, New York City, for movants.

MOTLEY, District Judge.

Memorandum of Decision on Motion

Movants are persons who have been subpoenaed to appear and testify before a special grand jury convened to investigate alleged violations of Title 50 (Appendix) U.S.C. § 462 (Draft Card Burning). Movants claim that it is suspected that they have violated the cited statute. The instant motion was brought on by order to show cause signed on December 11, and heard on December 12, as two of the movants are scheduled to appear before the grand jury on December 13 and 14, 1967. In their motion, movants ask this court for an order:

a) Quashing the grand jury subpoenas served on movants herein unless their testimony and all evidence derived therefrom are excluded from use in any future proceeding against them; or, in the alternative, directing that movants be entitled to the assistance of counsel in the grand jury room;

b) Suppressing and excluding from use before the grand jury or any other proceeding any testimony, or evidence derived therefrom, given by the movants before the October Special Grand Jury.

Entitlement to the relief requested is based upon the following allegations and claims:

1) The United States Attorney, and his assistants, and the grand jury have engaged in a systematic attempt to deprive movants and others of their Fifth Amendment rights. It is alleged that movants and others suspected of having burned their draft cards at a mass protest demonstration in Central Park on April 15, 1967, are being compelled to appear before the grand jury. It is also alleged that movants and others are being induced to waive their privilege against self-incrimination before the grand jury by a continuous pattern of coercion and intimidation. It is claimed that the foregoing acts violate the letter and spirit of the privilege against self-incrimination and are flagrant attempts to elicit testimony in spite of the guarantees and protections afforded by the Fifth Amendment.

2) Since movants are suspects, bringing them before the grand jury, under the compulsion of subpoenas and depriving them of the assistance of counsel during their questioning by the grand jury, violates their constitutional rights under the First, Fourth, Fifth and Sixth Amendments to the United States Constitution.

3) The constitutionality of the statute which attempts to make draft card burning illegal when done as an expression of symbolic protest against government policy is now sub judice before the United States Supreme Court.

Rule 6(d), Fed.R.Cr.P., was invoked by the United States Attorney to bar movants' counsel from the grand jury room. That rule provides:

Who May Be Present. Attorneys for the government, the witness under examination, interpreters when needed and, for the purpose of taking the evidence, a stenographer or operator of a recording device may be present while the grand jury is in session, but no person other than the jurors may be present while the grand jury is deliberating or voting.

Upon the hearing of the instant motion, the United States attorney reiterated the practice in this court. That practice is to permit counsel to be present outside the grand jury room. Witnesses may leave the grand jury room to consult counsel at appropriate times.

In addition, the United States attorney advised the court that the movants who already had been before the grand jury and others who have appeared during the course of this investigation have been advised of their Fifth Amendment rights "ad nauseam" and had been permitted to leave the room to consult the very same counsel who appears now on behalf of movants.

The relief requested by movants is denied on the ground that movants have misconceived their remedy and have acted prematurely.

Prospective defendants in a criminal case are not immune from testifying before a grand jury. United States v. Irwin, 354 F.2d 192, 198-199 (2d Cir. 1965), cert. denied, 383 U.S. 967, 86 S.Ct. 1272, 16 L.Ed. 308 (1966); United States v. Rosen, 353 F.2d 523, 523-524 (2d Cir. 1965) cert. denied, 383 U.S. 908, 86 S.Ct. 889, 15 L.Ed.2d 663 (1966); United States v. Winter, 348 F.2d 204, 207 (2d Cir. 1965), cert. denied, 383 U.S. 955, 86 S.Ct. 429, 15 L.Ed.2d 360; United States v. Scully, 225 F.2d 113, 116 (2d Cir. 1955), cert. denied, 350 U.S. 897, 76 S.Ct. 156, 100 L.Ed. 788; United States v. Pilnick, 267 F.Supp. 791, 798 (S.D.N.Y.1967).

Counsel for movants cite no case in which a court has issued an order quashing subpoenas or excluding testimony from use before a grand jury, before an indictment has been handed up, on the ground that Fifth Amendment rights have been violated.

Movants' claim is that the Supreme Court's decisions in Escobedo v. State of Illinois, 378 U.S. 478, 84 S.Ct. 1758, 12 L.Ed.2d 977 (1964); Miranda v. State of Arizona, 384 U.S. 436, 86 S.Ct. 1602, 16 L.Ed.2d 694 (1966) and United States v. Wade, 388 U.S. 218, 87 S.Ct. 1926, 18 L.Ed.2d 1149 (1967) must be extended to include protection for the proper exercise of their claimed constitutional rights before the grand jury.

The right to counsel in the grand jury room was not upheld before the Miranda decision. In re Groban, 352 U.S. 330, 77 S.Ct. 510, 1 L.Ed.2d 376 (1957). Claims that Escobedo and Miranda are authority for the proposition that a witness before a grand jury has the right to counsel in the grand jury room have been unsuccessfully made before in this court. United States v. Wolfson, 282 F.Supp. 772 (S.D.N.Y.Opinion of Judge Cooper, April 11, 1967); United States v. Goldenberg, 276 F.Supp. 898 (S.D.N.Y.Opinion of Judge Tenney, Jan. 9, 1967).

But movants can draw no real support for...