Ingle v. State

• Decision Date: 19 February 2002
• Docket Number: No. 25416.,25416.
• Citation: 348 S.C. 467,560 S.E.2d 401
• Court: South Carolina Supreme Court
• Parties: Lee Roy INGLE, Petitioner, v. STATE of South Carolina, Respondent.

348 S.C. 467

560 S.E.2d 401

Lee Roy INGLE, Petitioner, v. STATE of South Carolina, Respondent.

No. 25416.

Supreme Court of South Carolina.

Submitted September 27, 2001.

Decided February 19, 2002.

Rehearing Denied March 21, 2002.

Kenneth R. Young, Jr., of Sumter, for petitioner.

Attorney General Charles M. Condon, Chief Deputy Attorney General John W. McIntosh, Assistant Deputy Attorney General B. Allen Bullard, Jr., and Assistant Attorney General Doug Leadbitter, of Columbia, for respondent.

Justice WALLER:

Petitioner was convicted of first degree criminal sexual conduct with a minor and lewd act upon a child and was sentenced to consecutive prison terms of thirty and five years, respectively. We granted his petition for a writ of certiorari to review the denial of his application for post-conviction relief (PCR). We reverse.

ISSUE

Did the PCR court err in concluding that trial counsel was not ineffective?

DISCUSSION

Petitioner argues trial counsel undermined his defense in several respects and the PCR court erred in finding that counsel was not ineffective. We agree.

To establish a claim of ineffective assistance of trial counsel, a PCR applicant must show that: (1) counsel's representation fell below an objective standard of reasonableness and, (2) but for counsel's errors, there is a reasonable probability the result at trial would have been different. Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 104 S.Ct. 2052, 80 L.Ed.2d 674 (1984); Johnson v. State, 325 S.C. 182, 480 S.E.2d 733 (1997). A reasonable probability is a probability sufficient to undermine confidence in the outcome of trial. Id.

Counsel must articulate a valid reason for employing a certain strategy to avoid a finding of ineffectiveness. Roseboro v. State, 317 S.C. 292, 294, 454 S.E.2d 312, 313 (1995); Stokes v. State, 308 S.C. 546, 419 S.E.2d 778 (1992). Where counsel articulates a strategy, it is measured under an objective standard of reasonableness. Roseboro, supra.

This Court must affirm the PCR court's decision when its findings are supported by any evidence of probative value. E.g., Cherry v. State, 300 S.C. 115, 386 S.E.2d 624 (1989). However, the Court will not uphold the findings of a PCR court if no probative evidence supports those findings. Holland v. State, 322 S.C. 111, 470 S.E.2d 378 (1996).

The first degree criminal sexual conduct and lewd act charges against petitioner stemmed from the alleged sexual assault of the nine-year-old daughter (the victim) of petitioner's live-in girlfriend, Jean Afify (Afify). In his defense at trial, petitioner denied molesting the victim. Instead, he testified that the victim entered his bedroom shortly after he and Afify had sexual intercourse and that his semen was transferred to the victim's shorts when she sat on his bed.¹ As his first defense witness, petitioner called Afify. Counsel inquired whether she and petitioner had sex the morning her daughter was allegedly molested. Afify responded: "No, sir, that's wrong."

At the PCR hearing, trial counsel admitted he did not interview Afify before calling her as a defense witness. Counsel explained that he relied solely on petitioner who had "convinced" him Afify was honest and would admit to having intercourse with petitioner on the morning of the alleged assault. Counsel also testified that when Afify was not called as a witness by the State, he presumed her testimony would be favorable to petitioner.

The PCR judge determined trial counsel made a sound strategic decision to question Afify about whether she and petitioner had engaged in sexual intercourse on the morning of the alleged assault. The PCR court further found that, even if counsel's strategy was unreasonable, petitioner failed to establish any prejudice because the State would have called Afify in reply after petitioner testified he and Afify had intercourse that morning.

Petitioner argues counsel was ineffective because he called Afify as a defense witness without interviewing her first. We agree.

Trial counsel clearly was deficient in presenting Afify as a defense witness without first interviewing Afify to ascertain whether she would support petitioner's theory of the defense. Counsel's reliance on petitioner's assertions that Afify would be honest and his assumption that her testimony would be favorable since she was not called by the State do not amount to reasonable strategy for calling Afify. We find it was objectively unreasonable for counsel to ask such a crucial question of the sexual assault victim's mother without first ascertaining her response. In this instance, trial counsel provided deficient representation. Roseboro v. State, supra (counsel must articulate an objectively reasonable strategy to avoid a finding of ineffectiveness).

For several reasons, we conclude petitioner was prejudiced by trial counsel's deficient performance. Afify was the first witness called in petitioner's defense. Her testimony, however, was quite damaging to his defense. Moreover, the State was able to capitalize on trial counsel's error, and elicit additional damaging testimony on cross-examination. The effect of Afify's testimony, which totally contradicted petitioner's defense, was heightened by the fact that Afify was called as petitioner's first witness. Therefore, the fact that the State may have called Afify in reply does not diminish the prejudicial impact of trial counsel's error. It simply cannot be overstated how damaging Afify's testimony was since it came in as part of what was supposed to be petitioner's defense.

In addition, petitioner's theory that his semen was transferred to the victim's shorts via the bedsheets was not implausible. Without Afify's denial that they had sexual intercourse on the morning in question, reasonable doubt could have been established. Even if the State presented Afify's denial in reply, the impact of the testimony would have been different since it would have been part of the State's case, rather than part of petitioner's defense.

Finally, other evidence called into question the credibility of the victim's allegations. Petitioner testified that the victim was upset with him on the day of the alleged assault because he refused to buy her certain items while they were out shopping. Moreover, Afify testified that although her daughter told her about the assault on the day it happened, Afify did not contact authorities until ten days later, when a neighbor reported the incident to DSS. During this time, Afify vacationed for a few days with her children at Myrtle Beach.

In sum, there is no probative evidence in the record to support the PCR court's finding that petitioner failed to establish prejudice from counsel's unreasonable strategy. We therefore reverse the denial of PCR on this issue.

Petitioner also asserts counsel was ineffective because he permitted two instances of hearsay testimony. In particular, he contends trial counsel should not have elicited testimony from Dr. Elizabeth Baker that the victim identified petitioner as her assailant and should have objected to testimony given by Detective Valerie Williams.

Regarding Dr. Baker, an expert in child sexual assault examinations, trial counsel conducted the following cross-examination:

Q. What type of information did you receive from whomever before you began to interview [the victim]?

A. I talked to her mother and her mother then told me that on April the 5th that the [victim] was allegedly molested and I don't believe I can say the rest of it.

Q. Why not?

A. I would assume that would be hearsay. (Solicitor): I have no objection if he's opening the door. (Witness) Okay. On April 5th, 1993, [the victim] was allegedly molested by her mother's boyfriend.

Detective Williams testified for the State as follows:

Q. Now, you're limited in your testimony only to the time and place and type of assault. Could you relate what you were told by the victim concerning this assault?

A. To the best of my recollection, I remember [the victim] telling me that she had been at [petitioner's] house and that he had sexually assaulted her. Her words were my privates, his privates and my privates. That's how she put it.

Trial counsel did not object to Detective Williams' testimony.

At the PCR hearing, counsel stated he elicited Dr. Baker's testimony concerning the victim's identification of her assailant because the victim only offered an allegation. He testified he did not recall Williams' testimony.

The PCR court found trial counsel was deficient for eliciting Dr. Baker's testimony and for failing to object to Williams' testimony. The PCR court concluded, however, that petitioner did not establish prejudice because the witnesses' testimony was cumulative to the victim's testimony.

The rule against hearsay prohibits the admission of an out-of-court statement to prove the truth of the matter asserted unless an exception to the rule applies. Dawkins v. State, 346 S.C. 151, 551 S.E.2d 260 (2001); Jolly v. State, 314 S.C. 17, 443 S.E.2d 566 (1994). A well-settled exception in criminal sexual conduct cases allows limited corroborative testimony. Id. When the victim testifies:

evidence that she complained of an assault may be introduced to corroborate her testimony.... This right is limited in nature, however. "The particulars and details are not admissible but so much of the complaint as identifies `the time and place with that of the one charged' may be shown."

State v. Munn, 292 S.C. 497, 500, 357 S.E.2d 461, 463 (1987) (citations omitted).

Recently, this Court held that witnesses' repeated references regarding the victim's identification of the defendant as the perpetrator of multiple alleged acts of criminal sexual conduct was improper hearsay testimony which should have been objected to by trial counsel. Dawkins v. State, supra. In Dawkins, the Court stated that the failure to object was not valid strategy since the witnesses' testimony "served only to bolster [the victim's] credibilit...