Jackson v. Beard, 86-7382

• Decision Date: 18 September 1987
• Docket Number: No. 86-7382,86-7382
• Citation: 828 F.2d 1077
• Parties: Allen JACKSON, # 157927; Derrick Johnson, # 154486; James Prince, # 162405; Eric Tarplay, # 160880; John A. Turkette, # 161508; Inmates at Maryland Correctional Institution, Plaintiffs-Appellants, v. John R. BEARD, Jr.; Clyde Moser; Irvin L. Clingan; James R. Tinney, III; John S. Kalbflesh; John P. Morgan; Norman L. Schetrompf; Jack O. Harne; John Ankeney; Michael Shirk; Steven Crist, Defendants-Appellees.
• Court: U.S. Court of Appeals — Fourth Circuit

Page 1077

828 F.2d 1077

9 Fed.R.Serv.3d 75

Allen JACKSON, # 157927; Derrick Johnson, # 154486; James Prince, # 162405; Eric Tarplay, # 160880; John A Turkette, # 161508; Inmates at Maryland Correctional Institution, Plaintiffs-Appellants, v. John R. BEARD, Jr.; Clyde Moser; Irvin L. Clingan; James R. Tinney, III; John S. Kalbflesh; John P. Morgan; Norman L. Schetrompf; Jack O. Harne; John Ankeney; Michael Shirk; Steven Crist, Defendants-Appellees.

No. 86-7382.

United States Court of Appeals Fourth Circuit.

Argued May 5, 1987.

Decided Sept. 18, 1987.

Lawrence Bernard Coshnear, Legal Aid Bureau, Inc., Baltimore, Md., for plaintiffs-appellants.

Monica Louise Newman (J. Edward Davis; Davis & Jenkins, Towson, Md., on brief), for defendants-appellees.

Before RUSSELL, WIDENER and PHILLIPS, Circuit Judges.

JAMES DICKSON PHILLIPS, Circuit Judge:

Local Rule 23A of the Rules of the United States District Court for the District of Maryland requires that, except as otherwise provided by statute or by court order, motions for attorney's fees must be filed "within 20 days of the entry of judgment." ¹ The sole issue on this appeal concerns the time at which this twenty-day period begins to run when, following entry of a primary judgment in the district court, timely post-verdict motions are filed. The district court ruled that it began to run from the date of entry of the primary judgment and accordingly denied as untimely a motion filed more than twenty days after that date but within twenty days of the entry of an order denying post-verdict motions.

We affirm.

I

This appeal arises from an action brought under 42 U.S.C. Sec. 1983 by several inmates of a Maryland correctional institution against a number of correctional officers who allegedly beat the inmates and denied them medical assistance in the course of a prison riot. Following the entry of a judgment upon special jury verdicts that partially favored both sides, parties on both sides filed post-verdict motions: the plaintiffs, for a new trial; one of the defendants, for judgment n.o.v. The district court ultimately denied both motions. More than twenty days after entry of the primary judgment but within twenty days of entry of the order denying the post-verdict motions, the inmates, appellants here, moved for an award of costs and attorney's fees as partially prevailing plaintiffs under 42 U.S.C. Sec. 1988. The district court denied the motion on the sole basis that it was not timely filed under Local Rule 23A.

This appeal followed.

II

While there is apparently no "legislative" history to explain the purposes and proper interpretation of Local Rule 23A, the Local Rule is facially consistent with Fed.R.Civ.P. 83, which allows district courts to promulgate rules of practice which "have the force and effect of law, and are binding upon the parties and the court which promulgated them...." Woods Construction Co. v. Atlas Chemical Industries, Inc., 337 F.2d 888, 890 (10th Cir.1964) (applying a local rule requiring a verified bill of costs by the party recovering costs within ten days after entry of judgment). Several courts have enforced local rules setting time limits for filing claims for attorney's fees. See Watkins v. McMillan, 779 F.2d 1465 (11th Cir.1985) (per curiam); Trepel v. Eaton, 101 F.R.D. 539 (E.D.Mich.1984). Such local rules, moreover, are sanctioned by White v. New Hampshire Dept. of Employment Security, 455 U.S. 445, 454, 102 S.Ct. 1162, 1167, 71 L.Ed.2d 325 (1982), where the Supreme Court acknowledged the authority of district courts to adopt local rules imposing time limits for filing Sec. 1988 attorney's fee claims and noted the problems caused by delay in filing such motions. This court has noted the application of Local Rule 23A to Sec. 1988 motions, but without deciding the issue presented here. Hicks v. Southern Maryland Health Systems Agency, 805 F.2d 1165, 1167 (4th Cir.1986) ("It may well be that the twenty-day period begins to run upon the entry of the final judgment in the district court, from which the earlier appeal was taken, though it is conceivable that the district court would construe it to mean that the twenty days begins to run from the date of this court's mandate affirming the judgment of the district court. The rule, however, is that of the district court and we do not have the benefit of its interpretation of it.")

This appeal requires resolution of the problem noted, but not resolved, in Hicks. While the district court clearly possessed the authority to promulgate Local Rule 23A, the Rule's proper interpretation on the point at issue is not so facially apparent that reasonable disagreement is foreclosed. The problem, as the appellants note, is that any determination of permissible attorney's fees requires an assessment of the success of the parties--as Local Rule 23A itself notes. Where there are post-judgment motions that can affect the outcome of the litigation, the appellants reason, they should not be required to file their motion for fees since the motion may be mooted or the request for fees may need to be modified.

The appellants therefore argue that the timing of the motion should, as a matter of necessary interpretation of Local Rule 23A, begin not with the entry of the primary judgment but with entry of what they choose to call the "final" judgment in order to make the needed distinction. This interpretation may be possible, as Hicks noted, but it is surely not inevitable. See Watkins, 779 F.2d at 1466 (rejecting the notion that an appeal should extend or stay the local rule time limit for filing a motion for attorney's fees).

We start with the fact that a magistrate, construing his own court's local rule, has interpreted it against the appellants' position in this case. While surely not conclusive upon us, nor entitled to the deference that would be given to the decision of a district judge, see United States Fidelity and Guaranty Co. v. Lawrenson, 334 F.2d 464, 467 (4th Cir.1964) (district court is the "best judge of its own rules"), a magistrate's singular interpretation in particular litigation is certainly entitled to some ingoing measure of deference. See 28 U.S.C. Sec. 636(c). Particularly must that be appropriate where, as here, there is no suggestion that the magistrate's interpretation is at odds with that of any other magistrates or judges of the district. At a very minimum, the interpretation is entitled to the ingoing presumption of correctness that attends all trial court rulings and imposes upon appellants in general the burden to persuade reviewing courts of error.

As indicated, the magistrate's interpretation was that the phrase "within 20 days of the entry of judgment" had reference to the primary judgment. Moreover, the district court has rejected the contention that since the language of the local rule contemplates an exception where "required by statute," such an exception is necessary because of the need under Sec. 1988 to determine the parties' degree of success.

The appellants attempt to bolster their argument for a contrary interpretation on the supposed impracticality of the district court's interpretation. The impracticality point is relatively straightforward and at least superficially plausible: since the apparent purpose of the local rule is to promote orderly resolution of such motions and prevent piecemeal appeals, see White, these purposes would be...