Johnson, Matter of, 8326DC841

• Decision Date: 18 September 1984
• Docket Number: No. 8326DC841,8326DC841
• Parties: In the Matter of Angel La'Star JOHNSON, a minor child. DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL SERVICES v. Sylvia Ann JOHNSON, mother and Willie Johnson, Jr., father.
• Court: North Carolina Court of Appeals

Page 301

320 S.E.2d 301

70 N.C.App. 383

In the Matter of Angel La'Star JOHNSON, a minor child.

DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL SERVICES v. Sylvia Ann JOHNSON, mother and Willie Johnson, Jr., father.

No. 8326DC841.

Court of Appeals of North Carolina.

Sept. 18, 1984.

Randall W. Lee for respondent-appellant Sylvia Ann Johnson.

Hamel, Hamel & Pearce, by Richard A. Elkins, for respondent-appellant Willie Johnson, Jr. Ruff, Bond, Cobb, Wade & McNair by Moses Luski, for petitioner-appellee Mecklenburg County Dept. of Social Services.

Grier, Parker, Poe, Thompson, Bernstein, Gage & Preston by Max E. Justice, guardian-ad-litem for minor child appellee.

BECTON, Judge.

I

This is a termination of parental rights case.

The minor child Angel Johnson was born in February 1979, the second child of Willie Johnson, Jr. and Sylvia Ann Johnson. Following three incidents, after which Angel Johnson received treatment for scalding, a broken bone, and a head injury, the Mecklenburg County Department of Social Services (DSS) filed neglect petitions as to Angel and her older sister in July 1979. Hearings in October and December 1979 resulted in the voluntary dismissal of the petition as to the older child, but also in a stipulation and ruling that Angel Johnson was a neglected child. This adjudication arose from the above physical abuse and from a pattern of discord and aggression between the parents. DSS obtained temporary custody; the parents agreed to participate in counselling and parent training, as well as to pay child support.

A review hearing took place in June 1980, and the court found that the parents were making satisfactory progress and that it would serve the best interest of the child for custody to be returned to her parents. Since the child was to have heart surgery shortly thereafter, however, the court did not order transfer of custody.

In November 1980, at a second review hearing, the court found that although unsupervised visits with the parents had gone well, the parents had recently separated. The separation caused domestic instability and thus interrupted the parents' joint efforts to resume full custody. The court directed trial placement solely with the mother, to begin in January 1981.

During the trial placement, the father moved back in with the mother, and they resumed their pattern of cohabitation, discord, separation and reconciliation. The mother missed numerous appointments for parent counselling and child therapy. The child was occasionally left with relatives. On one occasion the child had heavy bruises and scratches. At other times, relatives noted that she was wet, cold, and poorly clothed. The court concluded, at hearing in July 1981, that the "good faith trial placement" had failed and ordered DSS to resume custody, although it found that the home of the parents should still be considered as a possible permanent home. The court ordered a psychological exam for both parents.

The court conducted another review hearing in November 1981. Based on the psychological evaluations, which indicated that additional counselling and training were needed but gave no prognosis as to the likely success thereof, and based on the past history of marital instability, the court concluded that it could no longer look to the natural parents as custodians "in the near term." The court ordered that custody be awarded to the child's paternal aunt and uncle, and indicated that the parents must show "positive results" in order to be considered again as active participants in the permanent plan.

The foster caretakers notified the court in April 1982 that they no longer wanted custody. They had experienced continual difficulty in controlling the child, particularly after visits with the mother, when the child would cry for her mother. In addition, several incidents had occurred reflecting tension with the mother's relatives and the mother herself. Two weeks later, DSS filed a petition to terminate the parents' rights. In response, both parents requested custody as individuals. After a lengthy hearing, the court terminated their parental rights. It found that although the parents had originally made sufficient progress toward regaining custody to impress the court at times, the court was more impressed by the number of relapses into discord and failures to cooperate with community services. The most recent separation had occurred only five days before the commencement of hearing. The court adopted the findings supporting its original adjudication of neglect in 1979. In addition, the court found that the parents had failed to meet their child support obligations. Concluding that these matters had been shown by clear, cogent, and convincing evidence, the court terminated the parents' rights. They appeal.

II

The parents appeal in forma pauperis. However, both failed to file their affidavits within ten days from the expiration of the session of court, as required by N.C.Gen.Stat. § 1-288 (1983). The provisions of the statute are mandatory and jurisdictional, and the purported appeal is subject to dismissal. Anderson v. Worthington, 238 N.C. 577, 78 S.E.2d 333 (1953). DSS and the guardian have moved to dismiss the appeal. Since we, in our discretion, choose to treat the appeal as an application for writ of certiorari and allow same, the motion is moot and we proceed to the merits. N.C.Gen.Stat. § 7A-32(c) (1981); 4A N.C.Gen.Stat.App. 2A, N.C.R.App.P. 21(a) (Supp.1983).

III

Parental rights may be terminated in North Carolina under N.C.Gen.Stat. §§ 7A-289.31, -289.32 (1981). G.S. § 7A-289.32 (1981) lists seven grounds which may support an order of termination; finding any one of them will authorize a court to terminate the parents' rights. G.S. § 7A-289.31(a) (1981); In re Moore, 306 N.C. 394, 293 S.E.2d 127 (1982), appeal dismissed sub nom. Moore v. Guilford County Dep't of Social Services, 459 U.S. 1139, 103 S.Ct. 776, 74 L.Ed.2d 987 (1983). All such findings must, however, be based on "clear, cogent, and convincing evidence." N.C.Gen.Stat. § 7A-289.30(e) (1981).

In its order of termination the trial court ruled that DSS had properly proved the following statutory grounds for termination:

(2) The parent has abused or neglected the child.

(3) The parent has willfully left the child in foster care for more than two consecutive years without showing to the satisfaction of the court that substantial progress has been made within two years in correcting those conditions which led to the removal of the child for neglect, or without showing positive response within two years to the diligent efforts of a county department of social services, a child-caring institution or licensed child-placing agency to encourage the parent to strengthen the parental relationship to the child or to make and follow through with constructive planning for the future of the child.

(4) The child has been placed in the custody of a county department of social services, a licensed child-placing agency, or a child-caring institution, and the parent, for a continuous period of six months next preceding the filing of the petition, has failed to pay a reasonable portion of the cost of care for the child.

G.S. § 7A-289.32 (1981).

Since it is undisputed that the mother had the child on trial placement up to July 1981, the court clearly erred as a matter of law in finding ground (3) in December 1982. The fact that DSS retained legal custody during the trial placement is irrelevant; the controlling language is "foster care." Clearly "foster care" does not include trial placement with the natural parents. With respect to ground (4), the trial court made no finding that the parents had the ability to pay any amount greater than zero toward the cost of care. Such findings are required for orders based on that ground. In re Moore, 68 N.C.App. 300, 314 S.E.2d 580 (1984); In re Bradley, 57 N.C.App. 475, 291 S.E.2d 800 (1982). We therefore may affirm only if the trial court properly found ground (2), neglect.

IV

A court may terminate parental rights upon a finding that the parent has neglected the child. G.S. § 7A-289.32(2) (1981). The child is deemed neglected if found to be a neglected child within the meaning of N.C.Gen.Stat. § 7A-517(21) (1981), which, as relevant here, defines a neglected child as one who "does not receive proper care, supervision, or discipline from his parent, guardian, custodian, or caretaker; ... or who lives in an environment injurious to his welfare...." See In re Allen, 58 N.C.App. 322, 293 S.E.2d 607 (1982). These provisions do not violate constitutional standards of equal protection or definiteness. In re Huber, 57 N.C.App. 453, 291 S.E.2d 916, disc. rev. denied and appeal dismissed, 306 N.C. 557, 294 S.E.2d 223 (1982).

The stipulation, made in October 1979, that the minor child was neglected, apparently constituted significant evidence of neglect, and it should have--the inference of violent conduct toward the child resulting in a fractured right arm and a subdural hematoma understandably concerned the trial court. The courts of this State have consistently recognized...