Joyce v. Hickey

• Decision Date: 05 March 1958
• Citation: 337 Mass. 118,147 N.E.2d 187
• Parties: Edward M. JOYCE v. William J. HICKEY, Junior.
• Court: United States State Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts Supreme Court

Page 187

147 N.E.2d 187

337 Mass. 118

Edward M. JOYCE v. William J. HICKEY, Junior.

Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts, Suffolk.

Argued Dec. 6, 1957.

Decided March 5, 1958.

Edward M. Joyce, Boston, pro se.

Daniel G. Rollins, Brookline, for defendant.

Before WILKINS, C. J., and RONAN, SPALDING, WHITTEMORE and CUTTER, JJ.

WILKINS, Chief Justice.

In this action of tort for false arrest and false imprisonment the declaration contains three counts. The defendant demurred to each count on two grounds: (1) that the declaration does not state concisely and with substantial certainty the substantive facts necessary to constitute a cause of action; and (2) that the matters contained in the declaration are insufficient in law to enable the plaintiff to maintain his action. A motion to strike out the first ground of demurrer was denied, and the plaintiff both excepted and appealed. No bill of exceptions was filed, and the exception became a nullity. Sullivan v. Roche, 257 Mass. 166, 170, 153 N.E. 549. The demurrer was sustained generally, and the plaintiff appealed.

Although the denial of the motion to strike out the first ground of demurrer is not properly before us on appeal, G.L. (Ter.Ed.) c. 231, § 96, we shall clear the record by stating that there was no error in this respect. This ground is couched in the language of G.L. (Ter.Ed.) c. 231, § 7, Second, and is sufficiently definite. Pollock v. New England Telephone & Telegraph Co., 289 Mass. 255, 258, 194 N.E. 133. Jacobs v. Mann, 300 Mass. 258, 259, 115 N.E.2d 482. Regional Land Corp. v. McLaughlin, 334 Mass. 276, 281, 135 N.E.2d 24.

We summarize the allegations of count 1. The defendant is judge of the Probate Court for Norfolk County, and on August 2, 1955, entered a final decree in the estate of Susan R. Faunce, No. 134,307. On March 5, 1957, at the defendant's request the plaintiff was in the judge's lobby in the presence of the defendant and other counsel. At that time the plaintiff denied both the right of the defendant to require his presence and the jurisdiction of the defendant over his person or the subject matter of the estate. The defendant continued the conference to the court room and 'invited the plaintiff to state his position relative to the estate in which the plaintiff had been attorney for the next of kin, the defendant well knowing that no matter was then under consideration by the defendant or counsel.' The 'defendant was not in truth and fact acting in his judicial capacity and the defendant then and there stated that the conference was informal and no matter was before him for consideration, and in truth and fact no matter was before said defendant and no order, judgment, decree, or opinion was rendered by the defendant or under consideration to be rendered.' The defendant thereupon ordered the plaintiff to appear in court the following Monday to show cause why he should not be adjudged in contempt. The plaintiff requested that the order be set forth in writing so that he might engage counsel and prepare for trial, and stated that he could not appear in court unless the order was in writing. Without further comment the defendant said he believed that he had no alternative but to adjudge the plaintiff in contempt, and sentenced the plaintiff to twenty days in jail forthwith. The defendant immediately ordered a court officer to take the plaintiff to jail, which was done. In truth and fact the defendant adjudged the plaintiff guilty of contempt because the plaintiff requested that the order to show cause be in writing and because he stated that he could not appear on Monday unless he had a writing to show counsel in order to prepare for trial. ¹

Count 2 contains everything which is in count 1, and has an additional paragraph alleging that while the plaintiff was in jail, the defendant 'arbitrarily' caused a decree to be entered adjudicating the plaintiff in contempt; that the decree was formulated during his absence without notice to him or opportunity to be heard; that the decree is incorrect in fact and law; and that 'on consideration thereof' on March 8, 1957, the defendant remitted sixteen days of the jail term. The word 'arbitrarily' adds nothing. See Pratt v. Gardner, 2 Cush. 63, 71. The statement that the 'decree is incorrect in fact and law' is not admitted by the demurrer. See cases cited below in the consideration of count 3.

Count 3 is much briefer, and alleges that the defendant is judge of the Probate Court for Norfolk County; that on August 2, 1955, he entered a final decree in the estate of Susan R. Faunce; that the plaintiff had been counsel for the next of kin and had terminated all connection with the case; that without jurisdiction or authority over the plaintiff or the case, the defendant called the plaintiff into court, arbitrarily adjudged him in contempt and caused him to be committed to jail without right or cause; and that the plaintiff was falsely imprisoned.

'It is a principle lying at the foundation of our jurisprudence, too well settled to require discussion, that every judge whether of a higher or lower court is exempt from liability to an action for any judgment or decision rendered in the exercise of jurisdiction vested in him by law. This immunity is founded upon considerations of public policy to the end that the administration of justice may be independent, based upon free and unbiased convictions and not influenced by apprehension of personal Consequences.' Allard v. Estes, 292 Mass. 187, 189-190, 197 N.E. 884, 886. This quotation is based upon a statement of Chief Justice Shaw in Pratt v. Gardner, 2 Cush. 63, 68-69. This salutary principle is not here in issue. The question is whether the several counts of the declaration allege a case within its application.

Counts 1 and 2 contain allegations of fact, admitted by the demurrer, which in substance are that the defendant was not acting in his capacity as judge when the plaintiff was adjudged in contempt. In other words, we construe these allegations to mean not only that there was no session of court and no formal proceeding pending before the defendant but also that the defendant was not engaged in any permissible judicial inquiry with respect to any probate matter, or the conduct of fiduciaries or attorneys, or other subject as to which the defendant could properly act as judge.

The mere fact that the judge held office or was in the court room conferred no power upon him to commit for contempt. See Lange v. Benedict, 73 N.Y. 12, 26. The defendant would have no such power if he was not engaged in considering a matter permissible for...