Kauffman v. Kauffman

• Decision Date: 29 September 1949
• Parties: KAUFFMAN et al. v. KAUFFMAN. Civ. 3963.
• Court: California Court of Appeals Court of Appeals

Page 29

210 P.2d 29

93 Cal.App.2d 808

KAUFFMAN et al. v. KAUFFMAN.

Civ. 3963.

District Court of Appeal, Fourth District, California.

Sept. 29, 1949.

Eugene A. Horton, San Diego, for appellants.

Edgar B. Hervey, San Diego (Henry F. Walker, Los Angeles, of counsel), for respondent.

MUSSELL, Justice.

This is an action to impress a trust upon the proceeds of a United States War Risk Insurance policy and was filed by plaintiffs, the son and daughter respectively of the deceased Barton H. Kauffman, against their stepmother Angie Florence Kauffman who was the beneficiary named in the policy. The appeal is from a judgment in favor of defendant and is presented upon the judgment roll.

The facts alleged and found by the court are as follows:

On August 27, 1941, Gertrude A. and Barton H. Kauffman (parents of the plaintiffs herein) entered into a property settlement agreement which provided, as far as is applicable here, as follows:

'13. It is agreed between the parties hereto that the husband has caused to be issued in his name a Five Thousand Dollar ($5000.00) United States War Risk Insurance Policy No. 39184/K965765. It is understood and agreed that so long as said policy remains in full force and effect, the wife shall be named as beneficiary under said policy; provided, however, that if a final decree of divorce should be granted to either party hereto, then and in that event Betty Lee Ruth Kauffman and Barton James Mitchell Kauffman, the children of the parties hereto, shall be named as beneficiaries of said policy in the sum of Two Thousand Dollars ($2000.00) each so long as said policy remains in full force and effect.

'14. Each of the parties hereto agrees to execute all necessary and proper papers to properly carry out the purposes and effect of this agreement.'

Subsequent to the execution of this agreement Gertrude A. Kauffman secured an interlocutory judgment of divorce from Barton H. Kauffman and a final judgment of divorce was rendered on October 20, 1942. In the final decree all property of the parties was assigned in accordance with the terms of the interlocutory decree in which the court had approved and confirmed the terms of the property settlement agreement. After entry of the final decree of divorce Barton H. Kauffman married the defendant herein and on November 20, 1942, Kauffman changed the beneficiaries of the insurance policy, as follows: The beneficiary of record (Gertrude A. Kauffman, divorced wife) was cancelled and new beneficiaries named were his wife, Angie F. Kauffman, $1000.00; plaintiff son $2000.00; and plaintiff daughter $2000.00. These changes were in accordance with the provisions of the property settlement agreement and the terms of the divorce decrees.

On October 20, 1947, Barton Kauffman made a further change in the beneficiary provisions of the insurance policy by designating his wife, Angie F. Kauffman, defendant herein, as sole beneficiary thereunder. This change was made without the consent of his divorced wife, Gertrude, and without the knowledge or consent of plaintiffs.

Barton Kauffman died on February 28, 1948, and pursuant to the terms and conditions of the insurance policy, the United States Government has paid or will cause to be paid to defendant the sum of $5000.00 in accordance with the designation of beneficiary made by Kauffman on October 20, 1947. Payments by the Government were begun as of February 29, 1948, and were scheduled to continue for a period of thirty-six months at the rate of $145.95 per month. Plaintiffs seek to impress a trust on these funds in the total amount of $4000.00, and contend that they are each entitled to the sum of $2000.00 in accordance with the terms of the property settlement agreement.

The trial court found that the defendant is the beneficiary under the insurance policy in question and 'is the owner of and entitled to keep any funds which have been or may hereafter be paid to her as such beneficiary, and that defendant is under no obligation to deliver or turn over to the plaintiffs, or either of them, such funds or any part thereof', and concluded that plaintiffs were entitled to take nothing. Judgment was rendered accordingly.

War Risk Insurance is a contract made in pursuance of Federal Statute and must be construed with reference to such statute, the regulations promulgated thereunder, and the decisions applicable thereto, rather than by laws and decisions governing private companies. Sternfeld v. United States, D.C., 32 F.2d 789, 790. The insurance contract is solely between the Government and the insured and the only relations of contract are between the Government and him. White v. United States et al., 270 U.S. 175, 180, 46 S.Ct. 274, 70 L.Ed. 530; Barton v. United States, D.C., 75 F.Supp. 703, 704. In the latter case, 75 F.Supp. at page 705, it was held that the National Life Insurance Act of 1940, 38 U.S.C.A. §§ 801-818, is a constitutional exercise of the powers granted to Congress, citing U. S. Constitution Art. I, § 8, cls. 1, 13, and as such is the supreme law of the land, if Congress so willed. Id., Art. 6, cl. 2. In Mayo v. United States, 319 U.S. 441, 445, 63 S.Ct. 1137, 1139, 87 L.Ed. 1504, 147 A.L.R. 761, it was held that: 'Since the United States is a government of delegated powers, none of which may be exercised throughout the Nation by any one state, it is necessary for uniformity that the laws of the United States be dominant over those of any state. Such dominancy is required also to avoid a breakdown of administration through possible conflicts arising from inconsistent requirements. The supremacy clause of the Constitution states this essential principle. Article VI. A corollary to this principle is that the activities of the Federal Government are free from regulation by any state. No other adjustment of competing enactments or legal principles is possible.'

In Conrad v. Conrad, 66 Cal.App.2d 280, 285, 152 P.2d 221, this court in construing the rights of the parties in United States Savings Bonds, held that the Federal Statutes and their interpretation by the Federal Courts should be applied rather than the rules of law of the States and the decisions of the State Courts. United States v. Clearfield Trust Co., 3 Cir., 130 F.2d 93; Clearfield Trust Co. v. United States, 318 U.S. 363, 63 S.Ct. 573, 87 L.Ed. 838; Garrett v. Moore-McCormack Co., Inc., 317 U.S. 239, 63 S.Ct. 246, 87 L.Ed. 239.

In Davies v. Beach, 74 Cal.App.2d 304, 308, 168 P.2d 452, 455, it was held that the Second Liberty Bond Act, 31 U.S.C.A. § 752, is a valid exercise by Congress of its constitutional power 'to borrow Money on the credit of the United States'; that the borrowing power necessarily includes the power to fix the terms of the obligation of the United States; that the State cannot vary the terms of Federal obligations and that a Savings Bond issued under the Second Liberty Bond Act and the regulations of the Treasury Department is a contract obligation of the United States to the owner and to the beneficiary severally. It was also there said that 'The statutory right, afforded by the State, to dispose of property by will is not paramount to the power of the federal government to borrow money. If such a statutory power can render nugatory the provisions of the bonds and the rules and regulations of the Treasury Department, upon which purchasers of the bonds rely, the power of the federal government to raise money will be impaired. The capacity of the federal government to borrow money depends on the inviolability of its obligation, and on its ability to carry it out strictly in accordance with its terms. If the State may treat the bonds as the property of some person other than the one whom the contract has designated the federal government will be prevented from carrying out its agreement.'

The National Life Insurance Act, 38 U.S.C.A. §§ 801-818, as applicable here, provides, § 802(g): 'The insurance shall be payable only to a widow, widower, child (including a stepchild or an...