Kenerson v. Stevenson
Decision Date | 19 March 1985 |
Docket Number | Civ. No. 83-0070-P. |
Citation | 604 F. Supp. 792 |
Court | U.S. District Court — District of Maine |
Parties | Claire KENERSON, et al., Plaintiffs, v. Charles STEVENSON, M.D. and Carl Lindblade and the Memorial Hospital, Defendants. |
Dennis Levandoski, Portland, Maine, for plaintiffs.
John N. Kelly, Graydon G. Stevens, Portland, Maine, for Charles Stevenson.
John J. Flaherty, Christopher Nyhan, Portland, Maine, for Lindeblade & Hospital.
MEMORANDUM AND ORDER ON MOTIONS TO DISMISS OF DEFENDANTS, THE MEMORIAL HOSPITAL AND CARL LINDBLADE
This wrongful death action for alleged medical malpractice is before the Court on the motion of the Defendants, The Memorial Hospital and Carl Lindblade, to dismiss the complaint for lack of in personam jurisdiction. The record shows that Plaintiffs' decedent, Reginald Kenerson, a Maine resident, fell and was injured in New Hampshire in March 1981. As a result of injuries sustained in the fall, he was taken to the Defendant, The Memorial Hospital in North Conway, New Hampshire, of which Defendant Lindblade is president and a trustee, where he was treated by Defendant Stevenson. The record also shows that several hours later, when Kenerson's condition worsened, Dr. Stevenson consulted by telepohone with a neurosurgeon at the Maine Medical Center in Portland, Maine, and later arranged to have Kenerson transferred to that hospital. He died in Gorham, Maine, en route to the Portland hospital.
Plaintiffs brought suit in Maine Superior Court in February 1983 against Stevenson, the Hospital, and Lindblade. The action was removed to this Court by Defendant Stevenson.1 In July 1983, after the applicable statute of limitations had run, Defendants, The Memorial Hospital and Lindblade, filed the pending motions to dismiss. The motions were initially considered by the United States Magistrate, D. Brock Hornby, who recommended by his decision of October 6, 1983, that the motions be granted. After a preliminary review initiated by the Plaintiffs' Objection to Magistrate's Recommended Decision, filed on October 21, 1983, this Court entered its Memorandum and Order of January 17, 1984, in which it is noted:
This Court is not fully satisfied that the contacts between Maine and the Defendants set forth in the pleadings and offer of proof are necessarily sufficient to support an exercise of jurisdiction by this Court. They are, however, suggestive of further contacts which, because of the sparsity of the present record, cannot be definitively explored by this Court. The possibility of more extensive contacts is perhaps further reinforced by Defendants' invocation of a Maine statutory privilege. Since it appears that the statute of limitations has run, dismissal of this suit for lack of personal jurisdiction would probably have the practical effect of forever precluding Plaintiffs' claim for relief. Because of the importance to the parties of the decision on this motion and because it is difficult to determine the full extent of the Defendants' contacts with Maine from the existing record, the Court finds it necessary to establish a stronger factual basis before attempting to decide this issue.
Memorandum and Order at 4. Accordingly, the Court ordered that the matter be set for an evidentiary hearing before this Court "for the purpose of developing the facts concerning the circumstances of Defendant's relationship with the State of Maine." Id. The Court detailed those specific areas of evidentiary inquiry which it wished the parties to undertake at such hearing. Id. at 4-5.
A prehearing scheduling conference was held before this Court on March 14, 1984, resulting in the filing of this Court's Report of Prehearing Scheduling Conference and Order on March 16, 1984. The record was supplemented by a Stipulation of counsel, filed on May 22, 1984, and the Affidavit of the Defendant Charles Stevenson, filed on May 8, 1984. Also included in the record is the Affidavit of Gary R. Poquette, with attachments, filed on February 24, 1984. Evidence was taken at the hearing on September 6, 1984.
The exercise by this Court of personal jurisdiction over these Defendants must be authorized by Maine law and must conform with federal due process. Wass v. American Safety Equipment Corp., 573 F.Supp. 39, 42 n. 7 (D.Me.1983). This Court has previously stated the law applicable to the required inquiry:
Jones v. North American Aerodynamics, Inc., 594 F.Supp. 657, 659 (D.Me.1984) (per Cyr, C.J.).
It is clear beyond any doubt that the claim for relief asserted by the Plaintiffs in this case does not arise out of any acts or activities of the Defendants, The Memorial Hospital or Lindblade, conducted within the State of Maine.2 All medical treatment received by the Plaintiffs' decedent, up to the point that the decision was made to transfer the decedent to the Maine Medical Center, was accomplished within the State of New Hampshire and was in respect to an injury received in the State of New Hampshire which resulted in the decedent being presented to the New Hampshire hospital and its resident doctors and staff for treatment. Thus, the claim for relief arises out of and is not related to contacts the Defendants may have with the forum of Maine.
The operative inquiry, therefore, becomes the substance and significance of the relationship between the forum state (Maine) and the foreign Defendants (The Memorial Hospital and Lindblade). Jurisdiction may be maintained in such circumstance only if the defendants have "continuous and systematic general business contacts" with the State of Maine. Helicopteros Nacionales de Colombia v. Hall, ___ U.S. ____, ____, 104 S.Ct. 1868, 1872, 80 L.Ed.2d 404, 411 (1984). The case presents an issue, in short, of "general jurisdiction."
It is well established in this circuit that general jurisdiction "may be found in the absence of a relationship between a nonresident defendant's contacts with the forum and the cause of action where the defendant engages in the `continuous and systematic'...
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