Kerr v. Long

• Decision Date: 18 March 2008
• Docket Number: No. COA07-916.,COA07-916.
• Court: North Carolina Court of Appeals
• Parties: Violet KERR, Plaintiff v. Fred LONG, Jr., M.D., Defendant.

657 S.E.2d 920

Violet KERR, Plaintiff v. Fred LONG, Jr., M.D., Defendant.

No. COA07-916.

Court of Appeals of North Carolina.

March 18, 2008.

Appeal by plaintiff from an order entered 4 January 2007 by Judge J.B. Allen, Jr. in Wake County Superior Court. Heard in the Court of Appeals 6 February 2008.

Cedric R. Perry, Raleigh, for plaintiff-appellant.

Cranfill Sumner & Hartzog, LLP, by David D. Ward, Jaye E. Bingham, and Michael C. Allen, Raleigh, for defendant-appellee.

JACKSON, Judge.

Violet Kerr ("plaintiff") appeals from the trial court's order entered 4 January 2007 granting a directed verdict in favor of Dr. Fred Long, Jr. ("defendant"). For the following reasons, we affirm.

On 21 January 2003, plaintiff began experiencing pain in her gallbladder area and presented to the Emergency Department at WakeMed, complaining of a sharp, stabbing pain in her upper abdomen. Doctors at WakeMed performed several tests on plaintiff, noted an enlargement in her stomach area, and instructed her to seek further treatment.

On 24 January 2003, plaintiff presented to Dr. Quigless, complaining of severe abdominal pain. An ultrasound performed on 28 January 2003 indicated that plaintiff had gallstones. Dr. Quigless subsequently left the medical practice group, and defendant took over plaintiff's care with her consent.

On 31 January 2003, plaintiff presented to defendant, who explained to plaintiff the potential for gallbladder surgery. Defendant explained that although he would attempt laparoscopic cholecystectomy, the surgery could be converted to an open procedure. Plaintiff claimed that she could not remember defendant explaining to her that there could be reasons to convert the minimally-invasive laparoscopic procedure into a more invasive open procedure; however, she acknowledged that on 7 February 2003, she signed the "request for operation or other procedure," which expressly indicated that the procedure was a laparoscopic cholecystectomy, "[p]ossible open." Defendant also provided plaintiff with a pamphlet explaining the procedure and its risks, including the possibility of striking and injuring the common bile duct. At trial, plaintiff testified that she was "aware going into the procedure that one of the risks was an injury to the common bile duct."

On 8 February 2003, defendant performed gallbladder surgery on plaintiff at Wake Medical Hospital. Plaintiff testified that on 9 February 2003, defendant came into her room and stated that he had made a mistake. She also noticed at that time that there was "some kind of J bag" attached to her "to keep the poison from going into [her] system." Plaintiff testified that defendant informed her that she would be sent to Chapel Hill. The same day, plaintiff was transferred to UNC Hospitals and seen by Dr. Behrns. Plaintiff stated that Dr. Behrns attempted to repair her bile duct by hooking a part of her small intestines to the common bile duct. Plaintiff stated that she believed she would not be at UNC Hospitals for more than one night as a result of the procedure, but she remained at UNC Hospitals for five or six days.

Plaintiff testified that in 2003, 2004, and 2005, she periodically felt tenderness at her surgical site, with a pulling, tearing pain on the right side. In 2006, plaintiff had a CT scan performed, which revealed the presence of "something kind of suspicious[,] ... something they couldn't figure out." Plaintiff subsequently was sent to UNC Hospitals, where she presented to Dr. John Martinie ("Dr. Martinie") in February 2006. A colonoscopy performed on plaintiff was determined to be "normal." In March 2006, Dr. Martinie performed an exploratory laparoscopic procedure to identify what was revealed by the CT scan. Plaintiff acknowledged that "[t]hey couldn't find anything that they saw on the CT [scan]," and the procedure only revealed the presence of scar tissue. At a follow-up visit with Dr. Martinie, plaintiff stated that she "still had a little pull, but it wasn't as bad." Plaintiff has not returned to UNC Hospitals since that follow-up visit, and at trial, she described her current condition as a "slight pulling pain."

On 29 December 2004, plaintiff filed a complaint alleging medical negligence against defendant and his employer, Premier Surgical Associates, PLLC ("Premier"). On 22 May 2006, plaintiff took a voluntary dismissal against Premier, and plaintiff's action against defendant proceeded to trial on 2 and 3 January 2007.

At trial, plaintiff sought to present the 16 May 2006 videotaped deposition of Dr. Mitchell M. Frost ("Dr. Frost"). After hearing arguments of counsel and reviewing the record, the trial court ruled that, as a matter of law, Dr. Frost was not "a competent expert witness to testify as to the standard of care of the question of medical negligence." Counsel for plaintiff stated that he did "not wish to have the other portion of the deposition [of Dr. Frost] presented to the jury." Counsel for plaintiff declined to call defendant, and stated that he had no further evidence. By order entered 4 January 2007, the court granted defendant's motion for a directed verdict, ruling that (1) Dr. Frost did not satisfy the requirements of an expert witness in a medical malpractice case; and (2) plaintiff failed to offer competent testimony showing that defendant was negligent and, therefore, failed to meet her burden of proof. Thereafter, plaintiff gave timely notice of appeal.

As a preliminary matter, we note that defendant devotes seven pages of his brief to discussing and quoting from Dr. Martinie's videotaped deposition, which was played for the jury. The transcript of this deposition, however, was not included as part of the record on appeal. Pursuant to the North Carolina Rules of Appellate Procedure, our review is limited to the record on appeal, verbatim transcripts constituted in accordance with Rule 9, and any other items filed with the record in accordance with Rule 9(c) and 9(d). See N.C. R.App. P. 9(a) (2006). Here, the only transcripts constituted in accordance with Rule 9 and properly presented for review by this Court are those from the depositions of (1) Dr. Frost on 16 May 2006; (2) Dr. Frost on 15 December 2006; (3) Dr. Jerry Stirman, Jr. on 24 April 2006; and (4) defendant on 26 May 2005. Accordingly, we are unable to review the contents of Dr. Martinie's testimony in determining whether the trial court properly granted defendant's motion for directed verdict.

"This Court reviews a trial court's grant of a motion for directed verdict de novo." Herring v. Food Lion, LLC, 175 N.C.App. 22, 26, 623 S.E.2d 281, 284 (2005). Therefore, we must determine "whether, upon examination of all the evidence in the light most favorable to the nonmoving party, and that party being given the benefit of every reasonable inference drawn therefrom, the evidence [wa]s sufficient to be submitted to the jury." Brookshire v. N.C. Dep't of Transp., 180 N.C.App. 670, 672, 637 S.E.2d 902, 904 (2006) (internal quotation marks and citation omitted). "`When a defendant moves for a directed verdict in a medical malpractice case, the question raised is whether plaintiff has offered evidence of each of the following elements of his claim for relief: (1) the standard of care; (2) breach of the standard of care; (3) proximate causation; and (4) damages.'" Pope v. Cumberland County Hosp. Sys., Inc., 171 N.C.App. 748, 750, 615 S.E.2d 715, 717 (2005) (quoting Felts v. Liberty Emergency Serv., 97 N.C.App. 381, 383, 388 S.E.2d 619, 620 (1990)).

On appeal, plaintiff contends that the trial court erred in excluding Dr. Frost's testimony as to the applicable standard of care. Specifically, plaintiff contends that "Dr. Frost was competent to testify as to the skill and technique that was required of [defendant], as the evidence, viewed in the light most favorable to [plaintiff], demonstrated that [plaintiff]'s expert witness qualified to testify as an expert in the case at bar." The trial court, however, based its order not only upon plaintiff's failure to satisfy her burden of presenting competent testimony showing that defendant breached the applicable standard of care but also that plaintiff failed to establish proximate cause.

It is well-established that "[i]f the evidence failed to show a causal connection between the alleged negligence and the injury complained of, motion for directed verdict in favor of the defendant was proper." Hart v. Warren, 46 N.C.App. 672, 678, 266 S.E.2d 53, 58, disc. rev. denied, 301 N.C. 89 (1980). Therefore, even if the trial court erred in excluding Dr. Frost's testimony with respect to the applicable standard of care, the trial court's order still includes a ruling that plaintiff failed to meet her burden of proof in establishing proximate cause. Because plaintiff failed to challenge this alternate basis for the trial court's order granting defendant's motion for directed verdict, this Court need not evaluate her claims with respect to Dr. Frost's knowledge of the applicable standard of care and his competency to serve as an expert witness. See N.C. R.App. P. 10(a), 10(c), 28(a) (2006).

Additionally, although plaintiff's sole assignment of error in the record on appeal states, inter alia, that the trial court "abused [its] discretion by ... granting Defendant's motion for directed verdict," plaintiff has failed to present any argument in the body of her brief directly related to the trial court's order granting defendant's motion for directed verdict. The only portions of her brief in which the directed verdict order arguably is discussed are the standard of review¹ and conclusion sections. Plaintiff presented an argument in her brief with respect to her assignment of error that the trial court erred in excluding Dr. Frost's testimony, but she failed to present any argument in her brief with respect to her assignment of error that the trial court erred in granting defendant's motion for directed verdict. It is...