Kolc v. Maratta, 73-26-A

• Citation: 319 A.2d 14,113 R.I. 160
• Decision Date: 09 May 1974
• Docket Number: No. 73-26-A,73-26-A
• Parties: Gladys KOLC and Kenneth Kolc, p.p.a. v. Marie MARATTA et al. ppeal.
• Court: United States State Supreme Court of Rhode Island

Page 14

319 A.2d 14

113 R.I. 160

Gladys KOLC and Kenneth Kolc, p.p.a. v. Marie MARATTA et al.

No. 73-26-Appeal.

Supreme Court of Rhode Island.

May 9, 1974.

[113 R.I. 163] Gunning, LaFazia, Gnys & Selya, Inc., Raymond A. LaFazia, Edward P. Sowa, Jr., Providence, for plaintiffs.

Higgins, Cavanagh & Cooney, Joseph V. Cavanagh, John T. Walsh, Jr., Providence, for defendants.

OPINION

JOSLIN, Justice.

Gladys Kolc, on behalf of her minor son Kenneth and on her own behalf, commenced this civil action in the Superior Court in May 1972 to recover for personal injuries and consequential damages sustained when Kenneth was struck by an automobile on November 6, 1964, as he was crossing Mineral Spring Avenue in North Providence. The defendants are Peter and Marie Maratta, the owner and operator, respectively, of the offending automobile, and Lydia C. (Lotito) Kneuttel, who was a crossing guard at the scene of the accident. The Marattas, but not Kneuttel, filed an answer raising several defenses. One defense was that a prior action was pending in the same court for the same cause of action. ¹ Based upon that defense, the defendants moved for summary judgment and the trial justice, treating that motion as if it were for a dismissal, granted it. ² The plaintiffs then appealed.

After the appeal had been argued in this court, we examined the record in the case and then for the first time learned that Lydia C. (Lotito) Kneuttel, although named as a defendant, had not been served with process and that no appearance had been entered on her behalf. ³ That knowledge provoked our inquiry as to whether this case should be considered one involving 'multiple parties' within the contemplation of Super.R.Civ.P. 54(b). If so, the judgment dismissing the action against the Marattas would not have adjudicated the rights and liabilities of all the parties and would not, therefore, be ripe for appeal except upon an express determination by the trial justice that there was no just reason for delay, and upon an express direction for the entry of judgment. Menzies v. Sigma Pi Alumni Ass'n, 110 R.I. 488, 294 A.2d 193 (1972); Goodyear Loan Co. v. Little, 107 R.I. 629, 269 A.2d 542 (1970); Calore Rigging Corp. v. Sterling Engineering & Constr. Co., 105 R.I. 150, 250 A.2d 365 (1969). The requisite determination and direction were not made in this case.

The question thus raised is one of first impression in this state. When we looked elsewhere we found that the issue had been decided in Arizona. There, under a rule which is substantially identical to our Rule 54(b), it is held that a named defendant who has not been served with process is nonetheless a party to the lawsuit; that in appropriate circumstances service may be made upon an unserved defendant even after judgment has been entered against other defendants in the case; and that, accordingly, a judgment as to all the parties to the litigation except an unserved defendant lacks that degree of finality necessary to support an appeal, absent the determination and direction called for by the pertinent rule. Stevenson v. Celaya, 10 Ariz.App. 203, 457 P.2d 743 (1969).

Our research among the federal decisions was not as fruitful as might have been anticipated. Perhaps this was so because it was not until the federal rules were amended in 1961 that Fed.R.Civ.P. 54(b) applied to cases involving multiple parties as well as multiple claims. Although the federal cases upon which we rely antedate the 1961 amendment, they hold that a judgment dismissing a controversy as to some defendants, but leaving it pending as to an unserved defendant, is not appealable. Lohr v. United States, 264 F.2d 619 (5th Cir. 1959); Hardy v. Bankers Life & Casualty Co., 222...