LaBona v. State, 68850

• Decision Date: 15 April 1994
• Docket Number: No. 68850,68850
• Citation: 255 Kan. 66,872 P.2d 271
• Parties: Kevin J. LaBONA, Appellant, v. STATE of Kansas, Appellee.
• Court: Kansas Supreme Court

Page 271

872 P.2d 271

255 Kan. 66

Kevin J. LaBONA, Appellant, v. STATE of Kansas, Appellee.

No. 68850.

Supreme Court of Kansas.

April 15, 1994.

Syllabus by the Court

In a criminal case wherein the petitioner is convicted of two counts of indecent liberties with a child based upon his pleas of guilty and files a K.S.A. 60-1507 motion seeking to set aside his convictions, the record is examined and it is held: (1) The petitioner waived the right to challenge the failure of the State to charge the specific offense of aggravated incest and acquiesced in his convictions of indecent liberties with a child; (2) the district court is therefore not required to vacate his pleas of guilty, and the sentence imposed is legal.

Steven R. Zinn, Deputy Appellate Defender, argued the cause, and Jessica R. Kunen, Chief Appellate Defender, was with him on the briefs, for appellant.

Timothy J. Chambers, County Atty., argued the cause, and Robert T. Stephan, Atty. Gen., was with him on the brief, for appellee.

ALLEGRUCCI, Justice:

Kevin LaBona appealed from the denial of his K.S.A. 60-1507 motion. He sought to set aside his convictions on two counts of indecent liberties with a child pursuant to State v. Williams, 250 Kan. 730, 829 P.2d 892 (1992). The Court of Appeals reversed pursuant to Carmichael v. State, 18 Kan.App.2d 435, 856 P.2d 934 (1993), which held that Williams states a jurisdictional rule that may be asserted at any time, 856 P.2d 193. We granted the State's petition for review.

On April 3, 1986, Kevin LaBona pled guilty to two counts of indecent liberties with a child in violation of K.S.A. 21-3503. The victim was his daughter.

LaBona filed a K.S.A. 60-1507 motion, seeking to set aside his convictions pursuant to Williams. The district court denied the motion on the ground that Williams "does not state a retroactive application and is therefore not applicable."

The Court of Appeals reversed pursuant to Carmichael and stated: "The district court lacked jurisdiction to convict LaBona of indecent liberties. The convictions on two counts of indecent liberties are reversed, and this case is remanded with directions to vacate the sentence for these convictions."

The sole issue raised is whether the district court erred in denying LaBona's K.S.A. 60-1507 motion seeking to set aside his convictions of indecent liberties with a child pursuant to State v. Williams. The same issue is raised in Carmichael v. State (No. 67,757, this day decided). In Carmichael, we rejected the Court of Appeals' determination that Williams stated a jurisdictional rule. In so doing, we said:

"Since the court's granting of the petition for review in this case, we have decided State v. Sims, 254 Kan. 1, 862 P.2d 359 (1993). There, this court expressly rejected the idea that Williams announced a jurisdictional rule. Here, as in Williams, the petitioner is charged under the general statute rather than the controlling specific statute. The information/complaint is the jurisdictional instrument upon which a defendant stands trial, and it must allege the essential elements of the offense charged. State v. Bishop, 240 Kan. 647, 652, 732 P.2d 765 (1987). Since the complaint does allege each essential element of the crime charged, the district court had jurisdiction....

....

"In the present case, we are not dealing with 'trial errors affecting constitutional rights' but, rather, with the failure of the State to charge the petitioner with aggravated incest (the specific offense) rather than rape (the general offense). The rule that where one statute is more specific than another, and therefore controlling, is used to determine the intent of the legislature where two statutes are in conflict. By determining which statute is more specific, the court can determine which statute the legislature intended to apply. In Williams, we held that aggravated incest is the specific crime....

....

"... Although the conduct prohibited in aggravated incest and rape can be identical, i.e., sexual intercourse, the offenses are not. Aggravated incest requires the additional elements of a victim under 18 years of age, kinship, and that the offender be aware of the kinship. Rape requires force; aggravated incest does not. For that reason, we have held that aggravated incest is not included in nor merges with the offense of rape. Nor have we found the two offenses to be multiplicitous. Rather, we concluded that since aggravated incest is the specific offense and rape the general offense, the defendant should be charged only with aggravated incest. Here, based on our holdings in Williams and Sims, the district court did not lose jurisdiction, and where, as here, the petitioner is charged and convicted of rape of his daughter rather than aggravated incest, the proper remedy is to vacate the sentence imposed for rape and resentence the petitioner for aggravated incest."

LaBona pled guilty to indecent liberties with his daughter, and a jury convicted Carmichael of the rape of his daughter. This difference distinguishes the present case from Carmichael. Our decision in Carmichael is not determinative of this appeal.

Since granting this petition for review, this court also decided State v. Reed, 254 Kan. 52, 865 P.2d 191 (1993). Reed failed to report when she became ineligible and continued to receive assistance from the ADC and Food Stamp programs. She was charged with theft by deception and making a false writing, pled guilty to felony theft, and was granted probation. Ten months later her probation was revoked. Reed appealed to the Court of Appeals. There she argued for the first time that her conviction should be vacated because the district court lacked jurisdiction to accept her plea because she had been erroneously charged with theft by deception instead of welfare fraud. She relied on State v. Wilcox, 245 Kan. 76, 775 P.2d 177 (1989), and Williams.

The Court of Appeals concluded that Reed was improperly charged with theft by deception and that the district court therefore had no jurisdiction to accept Reed's guilty plea. The Court of Appeals vacated her conviction. The State's petition for review was granted.

This court...