Lanning v. Virginia Dept. of Transp.

• Decision Date: 26 March 2002
• Docket Number: Record No. 2264-01-1.
• Parties: Agnes V. LANNING v. VIRGINIA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION.
• Court: Virginia Court of Appeals

561 S.E.2d 33

37 Va. App. 701

Agnes V. LANNING v. VIRGINIA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION.

Record No. 2264-01-1.

Court of Appeals of Virginia, Chesapeake.

March 26, 2002.

John R. Lomax (Berry, Ermlich, Lomax & Bennett, on brief), Virginia Beach, for appellant.

Cheryl A. Wilkerson, Assistant Attorney General (Randolph A. Beales, Attorney General; Judith Williams Jagdmann, Deputy Attorney General; Gregory E. Lucyk, Senior Assistant Attorney General; Scott John Fitzgerald, Assistant Attorney General, on brief), for appellee.

Present: ELDER, FRANK and HUMPHREYS, JJ.

FRANK, Judge.

Agnes V. Lanning (claimant) filed a claim for benefits with the Virginia Workers' Compensation Commission (commission) alleging an injury by accident and development of the occupational disease of carpal tunnel syndrome while working for the Virginia Department of Transportation (employer). The deputy commissioner found a compensable ordinary disease of life, but did not award any lost time or benefits. The full commission reversed the deputy commissioner, finding claimant failed to meet her burden to prove that her carpal tunnel syndrome was caused by her work. For the reasons stated, we reverse the commission and remand for further findings.

BACKGROUND

The evidence is not controverted.

Claimant alleges both an injury by accident on February 25, 2000, and the occupational disease of carpal tunnel syndrome. Claimant began working for employer in 1982 as a toll collector. In 1994, she was transferred to a clerical position, which involved data entry, purchase orders, inventory, and requisitions. She testified that on February 25, 2000, she was using her right hand to make her daily time entries when her hand "wouldn't work." She could not move her fingers.

Claimant testified she began to feel "twinging and tingling" in her right wrist six months prior to the February 25, 2000 incident, but did not seek medical attention until after that incident. While claimant has a home computer, she "very seldom" used it. She further testified her only activity at home involving repetitive movement was light housework. She did not knit, garden, or work with hand tools.

On March 3, 2000, claimant saw Dr. Frank G. Burns, Jr., her primary treating physician. Dr. Donald E. LaMarche, Jr., performed an electrodiagnostic study on March 17, 2000, and diagnosed right-side carpal tunnel syndrome. Dr. Burns performed a carpal tunnel release on the right arm on April 11, 2000. Due to complications, claimant underwent another carpal tunnel release on August 25, 2000.

Dr. Burns first saw claimant in 1993, after she sustained a severe injury to her left arm and hand while working at the toll booth. Dr. Burns performed surgery on her left shoulder. However, for a while after the surgery, claimant was unable to use her left arm at all, and she began having symptoms of right hand carpal tunnel syndrome. She had several "flare-ups" during subsequent years. In 1999 and 2000, her right hand symptoms became much more severe.

In his letter dated January 18, 2001, Dr. Burns indicated claimant's "pain is related to her on the job injury and the recurrences that she has had is related [sic] back to her original injuries and having to use the right arm more." Other than this letter, no evidence directly addressed causation.

The deputy commissioner found claimant had met her burden:

All of the claimant's doctors agree that the claimant suffers from carpal tunnel syndrome and Dr. Burns causally related it to her work. It is clear to the Commission that the claimant had no significant exposure to the hazards of carpal tunnel syndrome outside of the work place and that her job entailed numerous repetitive activities exposing her to the danger. Outside the workplace, she performs no unusual activities and is not involved in extensive sports or recreational activities that could cause the problem. Based upon the persuasive and uncontradicted evidence, we find that she has met her burden of proving that her carpal tunnel syndrome was caused by her employment, and she has established all elements required by [Code] § 65.2-401 by clear and convincing evidence, not a mere probability.

The deputy commissioner further found, however, that claimant's medical records did "not support any period of disability."

The full commission reversed the deputy's award, finding:

although Dr. Burns has stated that her carpal tunnel syndrome is related to her work, this is insufficient to establish by clear and convincing evidence that her work caused her carpal tunnel syndrome. In prior cases, we have held that a medical opinion that a condition is "compatible" or "related" to work is insufficient.

(Emphasis in original.) The commission did not determine if any period of disability existed.

ANALYSIS

I. Evidence of Causation

On appeal, we construe the evidence in the light most favorable to the party prevailing below. R.G. Moore Bldg. Corp. v. Mullins, 10 Va.App. 211, 212, 390 S.E.2d 788, 788 (1990). The commission's finding of fact on the issue of causation will be upheld if supported by credible evidence. See James v. Capitol Steel Constr. Co., 8 Va.App. 512, 515, 382 S.E.2d 487, 488 (1989); Ingersoll-Rand Co. v. Musick, 7 Va.App. 684, 688, 376 S.E.2d 814, 817 (1989).

Code § 65.2-400(C) provides "the condition[s] of carpal tunnel syndrome are not occupational diseases but are ordinary diseases of life as defined in [Code] § 65.2-401."¹ Code § 65.2-401 provides that the elements required to prove a compensable ordinary disease of life must be "established by clear and convincing evidence, (not a mere probability)." The narrow issue before this Court, therefore, is whether claimant proved by "clear and convincing evidence" that her carpal tunnel syndrome was caused by her employment.

For an ordinary disease of life to be compensable, a claimant must prove by "clear and convincing evidence, (not mere probability)" that the disease (1) arose out of and in the course of his employment, (2) did not result from causes outside of the employment, and (3) follows as an incident of an occupational disease, is an infectious or contagious disease contracted in the course of the employment listed in Code § 65.2-401(2)(b), or is characteristic of the employment and was caused by conditions peculiar to the employment. Code § 65.2-401; see also Lindenfeld v. City of Richmond Sheriffs Office, 25 Va.App. 775, 784, 492 S.E.2d 506, 510 (1997).

Great E. Resort Corp. v. Gordon, 31 Va.App. 608, 612, 525 S.E.2d 55, 57 (2000).

We have defined "clear and convincing evidence" as:

"that measure or degree of proof which will produce in the mind of the trier of facts a firm belief or conviction as to the allegations sought to be established. It is intermediate, being more than a mere preponderance, but not to the extent of such certainty as is required beyond a reasonable doubt as in criminal cases. It does not mean clear and unequivocal."

National Fruit Prod. Co. v. Staton, 28 Va. App. 650, 654, 507 S.E.2d 667, 669 (1998) (quoting Fred C. Walker Agency, Inc. v. Lucas, 215 Va. 535, 540-41, 211 S.E.2d 88, 92 (1975)) (emphasis in original), aff'd, 259 Va. 271, 526 S.E.2d 266 (2000) (per curiam).

Claimant contends the treating physician's opinion that her pain is "related" to her work was sufficient to prove causation between the disease and the workplace. Employer contends the word, "related," is not proof of causation by "clear and convincing evidence." The commission agreed with employer, finding that simply "relating" carpal tunnel syndrome to work conditions was insufficient to establish by clear and convincing evidence that claimant's work caused her disease.

Dr. Burns traced his treatment of claimant to March 31, 1993, for an injury to her left arm and shoulder "when somebody at the toll booth grabbed her arm and about pulled her out of the toll booth." Because of the injury and resulting surgery to her left shoulder, Dr. Burns indicated claimant "started having symptoms of right carpal tunnel...