Lebanon School Dist. R-III v. Winfrey

• Decision Date: 31 January 2006
• Docket Number: No. SC 86873.,SC 86873.
• Citation: 183 S.W.3d 232
• Parties: STATE ex rel. LEBANON SCHOOL DISTRICT R-III, Relator, v. The Honorable Larry WINFREY, Respondent.
• Court: Missouri Supreme Court

183 S.W.3d 232

STATE ex rel. LEBANON SCHOOL DISTRICT R-III, Relator, v. The Honorable Larry WINFREY, Respondent.

No. SC 86873.

Supreme Court of Missouri, En Banc.

January 31, 2006.

Brett A. Williams, Lawrence B. Grebel, Joshua D. Margolis, St. Louis, for Relator.

Eric Hutson, Lebanon, H. Lynn Henry, West Plains, for Respondent.

Paul M. Rauschenbach, St. Louis, for defendant.

LAURA DENVIR STITH, Judge.

Relator Lebanon School District R-III asks this Court to issue a writ prohibiting Respondent from transferring the underlying personal injury lawsuit to a different county. Relator argues that because section 508.050, RSMo 2000,¹ permits a school district to be sued only in the county in which it is situated, then it must be error to grant a motion to change venue to another county. Relator is incorrect. While venue for commencement of suit was only proper in Laclede County, Rule 51.03 authorized transfer of the case to another county convenient to the parties for trial upon a showing that Laclede County had fewer than 75,000 inhabitants. The preliminary writ is quashed.

I. FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND

In November 2004, Amanda Slover, an eighth-grade student at Lebanon Junior High School, sued the Lebanon school district and Jeff Lackey for personal injuries she alleges were sustained when the bleachers on which she was performing with the school's choir collapsed.

Amanda commenced her suit in the Circuit Court of Laclede County, in accordance with section 508.050, which provides that suit against municipal corporations shall be commenced only in the county in which the entity is located. She then moved for a change of venue and a change of judge. Rule 51.03 provides that a party may apply for a change of venue where, as here, the county in which suit is filed has fewer than 75,000 inhabitants. Rule 51.06 provides the procedure for combining a motion for change of judge with a motion for change of venue, as was filed here.

The trial court granted Amanda's motion and asked the parties to suggest convenient venues to which to transfer the case. The school district instead petitioned for a writ of prohibition to prevent transfer.

II. ANALYSIS

A. Standard of Review

Prohibition is an original proceeding brought to confine a lower court to the proper exercise of its jurisdiction. State ex rel. Linthicum v. Calvin, 57 S.W.3d 855, 857 (Mo. banc 2001). It is a discretionary writ that only issues "to prevent an abuse of judicial discretion, to avoid irreparable harm to a party, or to prevent exercise of extra-jurisdictional power." Id. at 856-57. The writ is available to avoid useless lawsuits and to afford relief at the earliest possible moment in the litigation or where to do otherwise would deprive a party of an absolute defense. State ex rel. Police Retirement System of St. Louis v. Mummert, 875 S.W.2d 553, 555 (Mo. banc 1994); State ex rel. McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. Gaertner, 601 S.W.2d 295, 296 (Mo.App. E.D.1980).

B. Rule 51.03 Applies to Municipal Corporations

The key question is whether a party, plaintiff or defendant, can be granted a change of venue under Rule 51.03 in a case in which one or more of the defendants is a municipal corporation that has been sued in the county in which it is situated. Rule 51.03 provides in relevant part that:

(a) A change of venue shall be ordered in a civil action triable by jury that is pending in a county having seventy-five thousand or less inhabitants upon the filing of a written application therefor not later than ten days after answer is due to be filed . . . The applicant need not allege or prove any cause for such change.

Rule 51.03(a). Rule 51.03 does not state that it does not apply where one or more defendants is a municipal corporation that could originally be sued only in the county in which suit was commenced. To the contrary, Rule 51.03(c) states, "If a timely application is filed, the court immediately shall order the case transferred to some other county convenient to the parties, first giving all parties the opportunity to make suggestions as to where the case should be sent." That is exactly the procedure Respondent followed here.

Lebanon argues that this Court should nonetheless read an implicit exception into Rule 51.03 if a school district or other municipal corporation² is a defendant because to do otherwise would contravene Rule 51.01, which states, "These rules should not be construed to extend or limit the jurisdiction of the courts of Missouri, or the venue of civil actions therein."

Lebanon's argument confuses the substantive provisions of law governing where suit may initially be commenced with this Court's procedural rules governing how such suits are to be tried once filed. Rule 51.01 merely recognizes that the initial venue in which a suit must be commenced is determined solely by statute. See also State ex rel. BJC Health System v. Neill, 121 S.W.3d 528, 529 (Mo. banc 2003). If a party believes that suit has been filed against it in a venue not permitted by statute, then Rule 51.045 provides the procedural mechanism by which the case may be transferred to a county in which suit would have been proper.

Here, however, all parties agree that suit was properly commenced against Lebanon in the Circuit Court of Laclede County, in accordance with section 508.050, which provides, "Suits against municipal corporations as defendant or codefendant shall be commenced only in the county in which the municipal corporation is situated. . . ." Sec. 508.050. Lebanon's argument is nothing more than the syllogism that since under section 508.050 suit against it could only be commenced in Laclede County, that is where it must also be tried. It is based on the faulty premise that Missouri statutes contemplate (indeed require) that all lawsuits must be tried in a county in which suit initially could be commenced. This is not correct.

First, Missouri's statutes have long expressly permitted transfer of suits to counties where they could not initially have been commenced. In fact, section 508.140 recognizes that transfer may be affected by the number of inhabitants of the county in which suit was initially filed. It provides for a hearing on a motion for change of venue in cases in which a change of venue is sought from "counties in this state which have a population of more than sixty-five thousand inhabitants and wherein the removal is asked on the ground of objections to or prejudice of the inhabitants of the county. . . ." Sec. 508.140(2).

Even more tellingly, section 508.250 provides that:

The court to which any cause shall be transferred by change of venue shall have jurisdiction to hear and determine the same, and shall proceed to final judgment and execution therein; although such cause would not otherwise be cognizable in such court.

Sec. 508.250 (emphasis added). The legislature, thus, specifically recognizes that suits may be heard in a venue in which they could not be commenced.³

Second, the legislature is well aware how to prohibit a change of venue, for it did so in the case of condemnation in certain instances in section 88.067.⁴ The legislature chose not to make such an exception in the case of suits against municipal corporations, however.

The procedures under which venue will be transferred are set out in the subdivisions of this Court's Rule 51 governing transfer of venue for cause or where the county has less than a certain number of inhabitants. Bizzell v. Kodner Development Corp., 700 S.W.2d 819 (Mo. banc 1985), applied these rules to a case much like the instant one, in which it was alleged that a municipal corporation — in that case, a city — could be sued only in its home circuit. Bizzell specifically recognized that, under Rule 51.14, venue for trial of a suit against the city could be proper even though the case had been transferred to a county in which suit against the city could not have been commenced. Id. at 822.

More specifically, the Bizzell plaintiff initially sued various defendants in the Circuit Court of St. Charles County. Id. at 821. On motion, the court transferred venue to Lincoln County.⁵ Id. Thereafter, plaintiff filed an amended petition joining the City of St. Peters, a municipal corporation, as a defendant. Id. St. Peters moved to dismiss, arguing that, as it was located in St. Charles County, then under section 508.050, it could not be added as a defendant once suit had been transferred to Lincoln County. Id. Bizzell rejected this argument, stating:

Absent the presence of an entirely proper transfer, the City of St. Peters' argument would be meritorious. However, after the case was transferred upon a proper change of venue the Lincoln County Circuit Court became empowered to proceed as if the cause had been originally and properly filed there.

Id.

Bizzell reasoned that, applying section 508.250 and Rule 51.14, "[t]he transferee court has jurisdiction to hear and determine any cause transferred, even if the action would not otherwise be cognizable in that court." Id. at 822 (emphasis in original). This meant that "[b]ecause the St. Charles County Circuit Court would have had authority [to add St. Peters as a defendant] . . . the transferee court in Lincoln County was likewise empowered to do so." Id.

The school district suggests that, regardless of the analysis in Bizzell, to permit changes of venue in the manner permitted by Rule 51.03 (and sections 508.140 and 508.250) would contravene the underlying purpose of section 508.050 because it would require school districts to defend suits all over the state. See State ex rel. Burlington N. R.R. Co. v. Forder, 787 S.W.2d 725, 726 (Mo. banc 1990) (purpose of limiting venue for commencement of suit to that of county in which municipal corporation is located is to avoid requiring it to defend lawsuits all over the state). The district further seems to assume that suit could be transferred only to counties having more than 75,000...