Life Ins. Co. of Virginia v. Gar-Dal, Inc.

• Citation: 570 S.W.2d 378
• Decision Date: 12 July 1978
• Docket Number: GAR-DA,INC,No. B-7236,B-7236
• Parties: The LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY OF VIRGINIA, Petitioner, v., et al., Respondents.
• Court: Supreme Court of Texas

Page 378

570 S.W.2d 378

The LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY OF VIRGINIA, Petitioner, v. GAR-DAL, INC., et al., Respondents.

No. B-7236.

Supreme Court of Texas.

July 12, 1978.

Rehearing Denied Oct. 4, 1978.

Atwell, Cain & Davenport, Mark T. Davenport, Dallas, for petitioner.

Lyne, Klein, French & Womble, Erich F. Klein, Jr., and Ron Edmondson, Stephens & Stephens, Bill J. Stephens, Dallas, for respondents.

BARROW, Justice.

The trial court granted plaintiff, The Life Insurance Company of Virginia, a summary judgment for the deficiency owing after foreclosure of a deed of trust which secured a promissory note executed by defendant, Gar-Dal, Inc., and guaranteed by defendants, O. K. Jones, Ted Hunt, Jr., R. L. McSpedden, Charles C. Shaver, and Paul Hamby. The judgment granted the latter three guarantors indemnity from Jones and Hunt under a written indemnity contract. Only Gar-Dal, Inc., Jones and Hunt appealed. The court of civil appeals held that the summary judgment proof was inadequate and reversed the trial court judgment and remanded the entire cause for a new trial. 557 S.W.2d 565. We reverse the judgment of the court of civil appeals and affirm the judgment of the trial court.

Plaintiff's amended motion for summary judgment is supported by the affidavit of Ronald F. McRoberts, vice-president of plaintiff, which was executed on March 2, 1976, just before the motion for summary judgment was filed. After averring that the affidavit was made from his personal knowledge, he swore that Life of Virginia had acquired the note and deed of trust lien on or about December 3, 1974, and "thereafter has been and is the sole owner and holder of the Note," and that true and correct copies of the note and guaranty agreement were attached to his affidavit. Defendant Jones, individually and as president of Gar-Dal, Inc., replied to the motion for summary judgment but did not deny the execution or validity of the note, nor did he except to the form of plaintiff's motion or the supporting affidavit.

The amended motion for summary judgment was heard on August 26, 1976, and a partial summary judgment was granted. A hearing was set on the remaining fact question of reasonable attorney fees. This hearing was held on October 20, 1976, and a final judgment, which incorporated the partial summary judgment, was signed on October 21, 1976. This judgment was vacated and a new judgment signed on December 3, 1976, in order to make a correction not material to this appeal.

The court of civil appeals held that plaintiff was not entitled to a summary judgment on the note because the photocopy of the note which was attached to the affidavit of McRoberts was not properly authenticated and further, the affidavit did not state that plaintiff was in possession of the original note. Although neither of these alleged defects were pointed out to the trial court before the partial summary judgment was rendered, or even before the judgment of October 21, 1976, was signed, the court of civil appeals held that since these defects were called to the attention of the trial court in the motion for new trial filed on November 1, 1976, they had not been waived by defendants.

Rule 166-A(e), Tex.R.Civ.Proc., sets forth the procedure for presenting summary judgment evidence by affidavit and documentary proof. Prior to January 1, 1978, this section provided: ¹

"(e) Form of Affidavits; Further Testimony. Supporting and opposing affidavits shall be made on personal knowledge, shall set forth such facts as would be admissible in evidence, and shall show affirmatively that the affiant is competent to testify to the matters stated therein. Sworn or certified copies of all papers or parts thereof referred to in an affidavit shall be attached thereto or served therewith. The court may permit affidavits to be supplemented or opposed by depositions or by further affidavits."

This rule, which has been considered by this Court in several others cases, has resulted in difficulty in resolving the question of what constitutes sufficient documentary summary judgment evidence. See: Gardner v. Martin, 162 Tex. 156, 345 S.W.2d 274 (1961); Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Penn, 363 S.W.2d 230 (Tex.1962); Boswell v. Handley, 397 S.W.2d 213 (Tex.1965); Southwestern Fire & Casualty Company v. Larue, 367 S.W.2d 162 (Tex.1963); Perkins v. Crittenden, 462 S.W.2d 565 (Tex.1970); Hidalgo v. Surety Savings and Loan Association, 462 S.W.2d 540 (Tex.1971); Texas Nat. Corp. v. United Systems Internat'l, Inc., 493 S.W.2d 738 (Tex.1973). This difficulty has been caused, at least in part, by the reluctance of the parties or counsel to attach the original of valuable instruments to the suit papers. Although we have recognized that attaching the original document would avoid many of the problems encountered in the above cited cases, we have held that Rule 166-A(e), Tex.R.Civ.Proc., does not require that originals be attached. In Perkins v. Crittenden, supra, this Court said:

" '(Crittenden) could have discharged (his) burden without producing and introducing the original note, under Rule 166-A(e), by attaching a sworn or certified copy of the note to a Proper affidavit or by serving such copy with an affidavit. Gardner v. Martin, (162 Tex. 156, 345 S.W.2d 274 (1961)).' Other cases in point are Boswell v. Handley, 397 S.W.2d 213 (Tex.Sup.1966); and Mitchell v. Geosonic Corporation, 431 S.W.2d 958 (Tex.Civ.App.1968, no writ)."

In this cause plaintiff attached a properly identified photocopy of the note to the affidavit of McRoberts and McRoberts swore before an authorized person that the photocopy was a true and correct copy of the original note. We hold that the photocopy of the note attached to the affidavit under these circumstances was a "sworn copy" within the meaning of Rule 166-A(e) and that, therefore, it was proper summary judgment evidence.

Furthermore, defendants waived their right to complain of the alleged defect in the form of plaintiff's proof by failure to except to the motion for summary judgment or the affidavit accompanying same prior to entry of the judgment. Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Penn, supra; Roland v. McCullough, 561 S.W.2d 207, (Tex.Civ.App. San Antonio 1977, writ ref'd n. r. e.). These alleged defects were matters of form that might easily have been cured if they had been timely pointed out in the response to the motion for summary judgment. Although the trial court still had jurisdiction on November 1, 1976, and thus the discretion to set aside the judgment, it did not abuse its discretion in refusing to do so. We conclude that the better rule is that defects of form are waived if not pointed out to the trial court before summary judgment is rendered. See: Jones v. McSpedden...