Lockhart v. Marine Mfg. Corp., No. A06A1888.

Decision Date15 August 2006
Docket NumberNo. A06A1888.
Citation281 Ga. App. 145,635 S.E.2d 405
PartiesLOCKHART v. MARINE MANUFACTURING CORPORATION et al.
CourtGeorgia Court of Appeals

Ben B. Mills, Jr., Mills & Chasteen, P.C., Fitzgerald, for Appellant.

Robert H. Preston, Douglas, Wallace E. Harrell, Gilbert, Harrell, Sumerford & Martin, P.C., Brunswick, for Appellee.

BLACKBURN, Presiding Judge.

In this personal injury action, Milton Lockhart appeals the grant of summary judgment on his claim for intentional infliction of emotional distress against his former employer, Marine Manufacturing Corporation (Marine), and two former supervisors, Floyd Lutrell and Jeff Mass, for comments made to Lockhart by Marine employees. We hold that the Marine employees' comments do not constitute the "extreme and outrageous conduct" required to sustain a claim for an intentional infliction of emotional distress; accordingly, we affirm the trial court's grant of summary judgment in favor of the defendants.

To prevail at summary judgment under OCGA § 9-11-56, the moving party must demonstrate that there is no genuine issue of material fact and that the undisputed facts, viewed in the light most favorable to the nonmoving party, warrant judgment as a matter of law. A defendant may do this by showing the court that the documents, affidavits, depositions and other evidence in the record reveal that there is no evidence sufficient to create a jury issue on at least one essential element of plaintiff's case. If there is no evidence sufficient to create a genuine issue as to any essential element of plaintiff's claim, that claim tumbles like a house of cards.

( Emphasis omitted.) Gwinnett Health System v. Delu.1

Construed in favor of Lockhart, the evidence shows that while working at Marine, Lockhart experienced four incidents of racist-laden and insulting comments originating from three Marine employees, including Lockhart's supervisors. The first incident occurred shortly after Lockhart began work at Marine in April 2001. Lutrell, one of Lockhart's supervisors and a Caucasian, ordered Lockhart, an African-American, to retrieve an item that Lutrell required or else Lutrell would "have the [Ku Klux] Klan burn a cross in your yard." Another incident occurred approximately three months later when Lockhart was moving boat motors with a forklift. A fellow Marine employee told Lockhart to be careful with the motors because "you can't pay for that [motor] with food stamps." This comment was overheard by the plant manager, Jeff Mass.

The next incident occurred sometime later and involved plant manager Jeff Mass. Displeased with the speed at which Lockhart was performing a certain task, Mass told Lockhart that "I ain't your m f nigger. I ain't going to be doing your m f work for you." Startled by Mass's comment, Lockhart asked Mass to repeat himself, and Mass reiterated the "same exact thing." Thereafter, Lockhart quit Marine. However, a few days later Mass visited Lockhart's home to apologize for the comments. Lockhart then returned to work at Marine.

The fourth and final incident occurred sometime after Lockhart returned to work at Marine. Lockhart went to work in his pickup truck while hauling his boat. When leaving work for a fishing trip, Lutrell observed Lockhart hauling the boat and said, "Boy, you're buying a lot of stuff. You must be selling drugs." Lockhart "blew the comment off" and responded, "Yeah." In June 2002, several months after the final incident, Lockhart was terminated due to a fistfight with another employee. At no time during Lockhart's employment with Marine did Lockhart ever complain to upper management concerning these comments.

After his termination, Lockhart sued Marine, Mass, and Lutrell, alleging intentional infliction of emotional distress due to the comments referenced above. The trial court granted the defendants' summary judgment motion on the ground that the comments did not amount to extreme and outrageous conduct, which ruling Lockhart now appeals.

To prove a claim of intentional infliction of emotional distress, a plaintiff must show that: (1) the defendant's conduct was intentional or reckless; (2) the conduct was extreme and outrageous; (3) there was a casual connection between the wrongful conduct and the emotional distress; and (4) the emotional distress was severe. Johnson v. Allen.2 Whether a claim rises to the requisite level of outrageousness and egregiousness to sustain a claim for intentional infliction of emotional distress is a question of law. Northside Hosp. v. Ruotanen.3 When reviewing the grant of a motion for summary judgment, we conduct a de novo review of the law and evidence. Id. at 434, 541 S.E.2d 66.

Here, Lockhart's claim fails the second prong because the comments at issue fall "into the type of derogatory comments made in the workplace which generally are not considered extreme and outrageous." Hodor v. GTE Mobilnet.4

Comments made within the context of one's employment may be horrifying or traumatizing, but are generally considered a common vicissitude of ordinary life. Liability for intentional infliction of emotional distress has been found only where the conduct has been so outrageous in character, and so extreme in degree, as to go beyond all possible bounds of decency, and to be regarded as atrocious, and utterly intolerable in a civilized community. . . . Such does not include mere insults, indignities, threats, annoyances, petty oppressions, or other vicissitudes of daily living. Plaintiffs are expected to be hardened to a certain amount of rough language and to occasional acts that are definitely inconsiderate and unkind.

(Footnote omitted.) Jarrard v. United Parcel Svc.5

In the case sub judice, while the four comments were certainly insulting and degrading, several factors show that the comments do not go...

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17 cases
  • Robinson v. Intercorp, a Division of Nitto Corp.
    • United States
    • U.S. District Court — Northern District of Georgia
    • 8 Marzo 2007
    ...the emotional distress was severe. Gaston v. S. Bell Tel. & Tel. Co., 674 F.Supp. 347, 352 (N.D.Ga.1987); Lockhart v. Marine Mfg. Corp., 281 Ga.App. 145, 146-47, 635 S.E.2d 405 (2006). The standard for an intentional infliction of emotional distress claim is very high, and the burden on the......
  • Jolley v. Contractors
    • United States
    • U.S. District Court — Middle District of Georgia
    • 23 Marzo 2015
    ...names and posting inappropriate signs about him was not sufficiently extreme and outrageous); Lockhart v. Marine Mfg. Corp., 281 Ga. App. 145, 147-48, 635 S.E.2d 405, 407-08 (2006) (four incidents of racist comments by coworkers and supervisors not sufficiently extreme and outrageous). 2. E......
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    • United States
    • U.S. District Court — Southern District of Georgia
    • 17 Diciembre 2019
    ...employment, and ordering the plaintiff to leaveimmediately were not extreme and outrageous); Lockhart v. Marine Mfg. Corp., 281 Ga. App. 145, 147, 635 S.E.2d 405, 407 (Ga. Ct. App. 2006) (finding numerous racist comments made to plaintiff in the workplace by different people to not be extre......
  • Welker v. Orkin, LLC
    • United States
    • U.S. District Court — Middle District of Georgia
    • 17 Abril 2014
    ...comments the Plaintiff alleges Stephens made about his age or in connection with his firing. See, e.g., Lockhart v. Marine Mfg. Corp., 281 Ga. App. 145, 147, 635 S.E.2d 405, 407 (2006) ("Comments made within the context of one's employment may be horrifying or traumatizing, but are generall......
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3 books & journal articles
  • Torts - Deron R. Hicks and Travis C. Hargrove
    • United States
    • Mercer University School of Law Mercer Law Reviews No. 60-1, September 2008
    • Invalid date
    ...at 858 (quoting Pierce v. Wise, 282 Ga. App. 709, 713, 639 S.E.2d 348, 351 (2006)). 37. Id. (quoting Lockhart v. Marine Mfg. Corp., 281 Ga. App. 145, 147, 635 S.E.2d 405,407 (2006)). 38. Id. 39. Id. 40. Id. 41. Id. 42. Id. 43. Id. 44. Id. at 828-29, 660 S.E.2d at 858. 45. Id. at 829, 660 S.......
  • Torts - Deron R. Hicks and Travis C. Hargrove
    • United States
    • Mercer University School of Law Mercer Law Reviews No. 59-1, September 2007
    • Invalid date
    ...at 470 n.7 (citing Henson v. City of Dundee, 682 F.2d 897, 903-04 (11th Cir. 1982)). 128. Id. (citing Henson, 682 F.2d at 903-04). 129. 281 Ga. App. 145, 635 S.E.2d 405 (2006). 130. Id. at 145-46, 635 S.E.2d at 406. 131. Id. 132. Id. (brackets in original). 133. Id. 134. Id. 135. Id. 136. I......
  • Evidence - Marc T. Treadwell
    • United States
    • Mercer University School of Law Mercer Law Reviews No. 59-1, September 2007
    • Invalid date
    ...632 S.E.2d 749 (2006). 210. Id. at 866, 632 S.E.2d at 756. 211. Id. 212. 281 Ga. App. 129, 635 S.E.2d 402 (2006). 213. Id. at 131-32, 635 S.E.2d at 405. 214. Id. 215. 283 Ga. App. 456, 641 S.E.2d 674 (2007). 216. Id. at 458-59, 641 S.E.2d at 677. 217. Id. at 459, 641 S.E.2d at 677. 218. 541......

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