Mahavongsanan v. Hall

• Decision Date: 26 March 1976
• Docket Number: No. 75--3146,75--3146
• Citation: 529 F.2d 448
• Parties: Srisuda MAHAVONGSANAN, Plaintiff-Appellee Cross-Appellant, v. Roy M. HALL, Individually and in his capacity as Dean, School of Education, Georgia State University in Atlanta, Georgia, et al., etc., Defendants-Appellants Cross-Appellees. Summary Calendar. *
• Court: U.S. Court of Appeals — Fifth Circuit

Page 448

529 F.2d 448

Srisuda MAHAVONGSANAN, Plaintiff-Appellee Cross-Appellant, v. Roy M. HALL, Individually and in his capacity as Dean,

School of Education, Georgia State University in

Atlanta, Georgia, et al., etc.,

Defendants-Appellants Cross-Appellees.

No. 75--3146 Summary Calendar. ^*

United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit.

March 26, 1976.

Rehearing and Rehearing En Banc

Denied April 27, 1976.

Arthur K. Bolton, Atty. Gen., J. David Dyson, Robert S. Stubbs, II, Don A. Langham, Michael J. Bowers, Asst. Attys. Gen., Atlanta, Ga., for defendants-appellants cross-appellees.

John J. Goger, David E. Krischer, Atlanta, Ga., for plaintiff-appellee cross-appellant.

Appeals from the United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia.

Before GODBOLD, DYER and MORGAN, Circuit Judges.

DYER, Circuit Judge:

Srisuda Mahavongsanan sued the Dean of the School of Education of Georgia State University, various professors, and the University's Board of Regents, asserting a deprivation of her civil rights for their arbitrary and capricious refusal to award her a master's degree in education. She claimed denial of procedural and substantive due process, and breach of contract. The district court permanently enjoined the defendants from withholding the degree plaintiff sought. We reverse.

The defendants contend that the district court erred in applying due process standards to purely academic prerogatives; that the injunction constitutes an unwarranted, as well as unprecedented, judicial intrusion into matters of traditional educational decision making which are beyond the scope of judicial review. They submit that there is no right to judicial review of university decisions concerning scholarship and academic performance, unless they are shown to be clearly arbitrary or capricious.

Subsequent to the judgment of the lower court, appellants awarded appellee the degree for which she had matriculated, notwithstanding their academic determination that appellant had not met the university's qualifications for the degree. Appellees now point to this fait accompli in light of Defunis v. Odegaard, 1974, 416 U.S. 312, 94 S.Ct. 1704, 40 L.Ed.2d 164, as compelling dismissal of the instant case as moot. Appellants respond that unlike Defunis, their academic integrity continues to be jeopardized in the existence of the courtordered grant of a diploma because the diploma constitutes public endorsement of competence and achievement which was unmerited.

We agree with appellants that this case is not moot. While we recognize 'the familiar proposition that 'federal courts are without power to decide questions that cannot affect the rights of litigants in the case before them.' North Carolina v. Rice, 1971, 404 U.S. 244, 246, 92 S.Ct. 402, 404, 30 L.Ed.2d 413, 415.' Defunis, supra at 316, 94 S.Ct. at 1705, 40 L.Ed.2d at 168, in the instant case it has been clearly established that the legal interests of the litigants continue to be adverse. The decision of this court will have a concrete effect upon the rights of the parties. Appellants have made clear that, if granted relief, they will revoke the degree unwillingly awarded appellee. Moreover, the appellants have a further interest, to eliminate an ongoing stigma of erosion of their academic certification process. The case is not moot.

The concern expressed by the appellants for their academic interest is well taken. The district court's grant of relief is based on a confusion of the court's power to review disciplinary actions by educational institutions on the one hand, and academic decisions on the other hand. This Court has been in the vanguard of the legal development of due process protections for students ever since Dixon v. Alabama State Board of Education, 5 Cir. 1961, 294 F.2d 150, cert. denied 1961, 368 U.S. 930, 82 S.Ct. 368, 7 L.Ed.2d 193. However, the due process requirements of notice and hearing developed in the Dixon line of cases have been carefully limited to disciplinary decisions. When we explained that 'the student at the tax supported institution cannot be arbitrarily disciplined without the benefit of the ordinary, well recognized principles of fair play', we went on to declare that '(w)e know of no case which holds that colleges and universities are subject to the supervision or review of the courts in the uniform application of their academic standards. ...