Maldonado v. Frio Hospital Association, 04-99-00483-CV

• Citation: 25 S.W.3d 274
• Decision Date: 21 June 2000
• Docket Number: No. 04-99-00483-CV,04-99-00483-CV
• Parties: (Tex.App.-San Antonio 2000) Sonia MALDONADO and Zap Velasquez, Individually and as Next Friend of Zap Anthony Velasquez, A Minor Child, Appellants v. FRIO HOSPITAL ASSOCIATION d/b/a Frio County Hospital, Appellee
• Court: Texas Court of Appeals

Page 274

25 S.W.3d 274 (Tex.App.-San Antonio 2000)

Sonia MALDONADO and Zap Velasquez, Individually and as Next Friend of Zap Anthony Velasquez, A Minor Child, Appellants v. FRIO HOSPITAL ASSOCIATION d/b/a Frio County Hospital, Appellee

No. 04-99-00483-CV

For the Court of Appeals Fourth District of Texas

June 21, 2000

From the 81st Judicial District Court, Frio County, Texas Trial Court No. No. 97-04-00105-CVFA Honorable Olin B. Strauss, Judge Presiding

Sitting: Phil Hardberger, Chief Justice Catherine Stone, Justice Sarah B. Duncan, Justice

OPINION

Opinion by: Catherine Stone, Justice

Sonia Maldonado and Zap Velasquez ("Appellants") contest the trial court's grant of a summary judgment in favor of Frio Hospital Association ("Association.") Because we hold the Association established official immunity as a matter of law, we affirm the trial court's judgment.

Factual and Procedural Background

On April 3, 1995, appellant Sonia Maldonado entered Frio Hospital in the early stages of labor. Around five o'clock in the morning, a doctor examined Maldonado and placed her on a pitocin drip to encourage labor. An hour later, a nurse observed very little progress in Maldonado's condition. Another nurse then secured a fetal heart monitor to Maldonado set at one centimeter per minute. Maldonado's baby, Zap Anthony, was delivered shortly after midnight on April 4, 1995. Appellants allege that as a result of negligence in fetal monitoring by nurses and other personnel employed by the Association, Maldonado's labor was prolonged, causing her son to suffer from severe brain damage and chronic seizures. Specifically, appellants complain the Association, through its employees, failed to properly calibrate the fetal heart monitor, operate the monitor, or formulate appropriate standards of use. The Association moved for summary judgment under the Texas Tort Claims Act ("TTCA") on the grounds of official immunity. The trial court granted a general summary judgment in favor of the Association, from which appellants now appeal.

Standard of Review

We review summary judgments de novo. Sasser v. Danex Oil & Gas, Inc., 906 S.W.2d 599, 602 (Tex. App.-San Antonio 1995, writ denied). To prevail on summary judgment, the movant must show there are no genuine issues of material fact and that the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. Tex. R. Civ. P. 166a(c). When a defendant moves for summary judgment on an affirmative defense, like immunity, the defendant must conclusively prove each element of the defense as a matter of law. City of Lancaster v. Chambers, 883 S.W.2d 650, 653 (Tex. 1994). If the defendant meets this burden, the plaintiff must then produce evidence raising a genuine issue of material fact to avoid the affirmative defense. Gonzalez v. City of Harlingen, 814 S.W.2d 109, 112 (Tex. App. -Corpus Christi 1991, writ denied). In reviewing a summary judgment, an appellate court accepts as true all evidence supporting the non-movant. Nixon v. Mr. Property Management Co., 690 S.W.2d 546, 549 (Tex. 1985). All inferences are indulged in favor of the non-movant, and all doubts are resolved in his favor. Id.

Hospital District Management Contractor

Appellants' first issue, and the crux of this appeal, revolves around interpretation of the Hospital District Management Contractor statute, which allows certain rural districts to hire independent, nonprofit entities to manage the hospitals. See Tex. Health & Safety Code Ann. § 285.071 (Vernon 1992). On January 1, 1990, the Association signed a fifteen-year management contract with the Frio Hospital District to manage Frio Hospital. No dispute exists between the parties about whether the Association meets the statutory classification of a hospital district management contractor. Rather, the dispute concerns the extent of the Association's liability. The Health and Safety Code provides:

A hospital district management contractor and any employee of the contractor are, while performing services under the contract for the benefit of the hospital, employees of the hospital district for the purposes of Chapters 101 and 102, Civil Practice and Remedies Code.

Tex. Health & Safety Code Ann. § 285.072 (Vernon 1992).

Appellants advance the view that this statute creates a vicarious liability situation in the Association. Because the Association hired the nurses who treated Maldonado, appellants argue principles of vicarious liability apply. Appellants contend that if the nurses were negligent in their use of the fetal monitor, then the Association is vicariously liable.

Conversely, the Association responds the statute creates a co-employee structure, not a respondeat superior situation. The Association claims that under the clear wording of the statute, the Association and its employees, specifically the nurses who treated Maldonado, are co-employees, and Frio Hospital District, a governmental unit, is the common employer. The Association further contends the statute imposes liability exclusively on the hospital district as the common employer. To support its argument that government employees cannot be liable for their fellow employees' negligence in the absence of knowing and active participation, the Association cites State v. Morgan, 170 S.W.2d 652, 654 (Tex. 1943); Vargas v. City of San Antonio, 650 S.W.2d 177, 180 (Tex. App.-San Antonio 1983, writ dism'd); Tumlinson v. City of Brownsville,178 S.W.2d 546, 547 (Tex. App.-San Antonio 1944, writ ref'd). Although these cases issued prior to the creation of the TTCA or the health contractor statute, we nevertheless find them instructive. These courts adopted the view that supervisory governmental employees were not liable for a subordinate employee's negligence. Morgan, 170 S.W.2d at 654. The public policy behind this view operates to encourage public employment. Id.

In the absence of any case law interpreting the management contractor statute, we look to the plain wording of the statute to determine legislative intent. See State v. Terrell, 588 S.W.2d 784, 786 (Tex. 1979)(recognizing fundamental rule in statutory construction is court adherence to legislative intent "as expressed in the language of that statute."). We agree with the Association's interpretation of the statute because the statutory language is clear and unambiguous. See RepublicBank Dallas, N.A. v. Interkal, Inc., 691 S.W.2d 605, 607 (Tex. 1985)(holding that unless a statute is ambiguous, courts must abide by the clear language of the statute). As we read the statute, for purposes of asserting a negligence claim under the TTCA, an aggrieved party must look to the hospital district as the proper defendant. The language stipulates a hospital district management contractor and the contractor's employees are statutory employees of the hospital district. See Tex. Health & Safety Code Ann. § 285.072 (Vernon 1992)(emphasis added). The statute clearly recognizes the Association's administrative role in hiring nurses and other hospital personnel. Despite this role, liability for activities performed by the Association's employees pursuant to the contract remains exclusively with the hospital district. The statute essentially creates the distinct role of super-employer in the hospital district. Appellants' argument would require this court to insert vicarious liability language into the statute. As noted by the Texas supreme court:

It is a rule of statutory construction that every word of...