Marriage of Dennis, In re

• Decision Date: 30 October 1973
• Citation: 110 Cal.Rptr. 619,35 Cal.App.3d 279
• Court: California Court of Appeals Court of Appeals
• Parties: In re the MARRIAGE OF Rose Sherman DENNIS. Rose Sherman DENNIS, Appellant, v. Earl Spiliotis DENNIS, Respondent. Civ. 41135.

Page 619

110 Cal.Rptr. 619

35 Cal.App.3d 279

In re the MARRIAGE OF Rose Sherman DENNIS Rose Sherman DENNIS, Appellant, v. Earl Spiliotis DENNIS, Respondent.

Civ. 41135.

Court of Appeal, Second District, Division 5, California.

Oct. 30, 1973.

Webster & Tyson, Richard P. B. Tyson, Pasadena, for Petitioner and appellant.

Cadoo, Tretheway, McGinn & Morgan, Alvin S. Tobias, Marina Del Rey, for Respondent.

KAUS, Presiding Justice.

This dispute concerns an award of spousal support. Rose Sherman Dennis ('wife') appeals from an interlocutory judgment of dissolution of marriage from Earle Spiliotis Dennis ('husband').

Facts

The parties were married in October 1946. They have one child, a son, born in 1953. They were separated in December 1970. The dissolution hearing was held in July and December 1971. The interlocutory judgment provided, in relevant part, as follows: the wife was to have custody of the son, who attended and lived at college; the community assets of $5,255 were divided; the interests in the family home, worth about $30,000 were also divided. The wife was awarded spousal support of $200 a month for the first year, and $100 a month for the following three years. Support would then terminate. Child support of $150 a month until the son reached his 'majority' was also awarded.

The couple were married for about 25 years. The wife was about 50 years old. She had been keeping some of the monthly $150 in temporary child support to cover her son's costs when he stayed with her on weekends.

The husband's gross income was $1,250 a month; his net was $866. The wife was not employed outside the home. She had not been employed for some 25 years. In the past she had worked as a riveter. Her only source of income during the years of their marriage had been about $6.00 a week, doing sewing. She had to give up that work because 'it impaired the health of (her) eyes.' Although she could 'see now that (she) had (her) eyes improved,' with glasses, she could 'not do very close work.' She was not trained to do any other work, except riveting. She had not attempted to get any training: 'I raised a family.' The trial court found that the wife had the ability to earn a living as a seamstress.

The wife did not want to go to work. The only thing that would make her do so was 'starvation.' She agreed that she wanted her husband to support her 'for the rest of (her) life.' She testified that she spent 24 hours a day maintaining her home. In response to the question, 'What do you do around home for 24 hours a day?' She answered, 'I live there.'

The husband's estimated monthly expenses were $816 a month. ¹ The wife claimed monthly expenses of $372 ² which would be increased by $200 if the marital home were sold.

Contentions

The wife wanted spousal support in the amount of $225 a month for an indefinite period. As noted, she was awarded $200 a month for the first year, and $100 a month for the next three years. She contends that the trial court abused its discretion both in the amount of spousal support awarded and the period for which it was awarded. We disagree with the first contention but, with qualifications, agree with the second.

I.

Both parties rely on In re Marriage of Rosan, 24 Cal.App.3d 885, 101 Cal.Rptr. 295. The facts of Rosan must be closely compared with the facts in this case. In Rosan, the total community property amounted to about $54,000. (24 Cal.App.3d at p. 889.) In this case, the total community, including the family home, adds up to about $35,000. In Rosan, the husband's average monthly net income was more than $2,000 plus expenses of $150 a month. (Id., at p. 888.) In this case, the husband's average monthly net income is about $866 a month. The husband's expenses in both cases are roughly comparable. In Rosan, the wife had custody of a 15 year old boy, and, for a while, an older, emotionally disturbed child. (Id., at pp. 891, 893.) In this case, the 18 year old son lives at college, except for weekends; the wife does not pay any of his expenses, except to give him some of the $150 child support that the husband pays to her.

In Rosan, the parties had been married for some 17 years, during which time the wife, who was not employed, was accustomed 'to a high standard of living.' (Id., at p. 894, 101 Cal.Rptr. at p. 301.) In this case, the parties were married for about 25 years; nothing in the record suggests that the parties lived other than modestly.

The trial court in Rosan ordered $150 a month child support, and alimony of $400 a month for one year, $300 a month for the second year, and $200 a month for the third--and final--year. The appellate court found that the award was inadequate. (Id., at p. 891.)

The Rosan court, in evaluating the amounts fixed by the trial court for spousal support, focused on (1) the length of marriage; (2) the lifestyle of the parties; (3) the wife's absence of training And her 'uncontroverted testimony' that she intended to undertake training; (4) the support needed for the minor child in her custody; and (5) the ability of the husband to pay such spousal support. (24 Cal.App.3d at p. 895.)

The wife in this case points out that the ratio of the husband's income in Rosan to spousal support, an average of $300 a month over a three-year period, is comparable to the ratio in this case, an average of $125 a month spousal support over a four year period, and that, based on Rosan, the trial court abused its discretion in this case.

We disagree. First, in Rosan, the husband's income exceeded his estimated expenses by at least $1,000 a month. (24 Cal.App.3d at p. 894.) Second, the son in Rosan was younger, living with the wife, ³ and might have placed greater limitations on the wife's options in pursuing a career. Third, in Rosan, there was substantial evidence of a high standard of living. The final and critical factor is the wife's unwillingness in this case--short to 'starvation'--to work. The importance of this factor is made clear in Rosan:

'It may be inferred from the express reference in Civil Code, section 4801, subdivision (a) to the factor of the supported spouse's ability to engage in gainful employment that the supported spouse is to be encouraged to seek such employment. . . .

'When evidence exists that the party to be supported has unreasonably delayed or refused to seek employment consistent with her or his ability, of course, that factor may be taken into consideration by the trial court in fixing the amount of support in the first instance or in modification proceedings. (Citation.) However, where there is no evidence of any unreasonable delay or willful refusal of the supported spouse to seek employment consistent with her or his health and parental responsibilities and when the other party has the ability to pay the needed support, it is inappropriate to make an order for support in an amount substantially less than that needed. (Citing Webber v. Webber, 33 Cal.2d 153, 159, 199 P.2d 934.)' (24 Cal.App.3d at pp. 896--897, 101 Cal.Rptr. at p. 303.) ⁴

The parties hereto separated in December 1970. At the dissolution hearing held one year later, the wife testified that she had done nothing about obtaining training and that she did not want to work. As the court said in Webber v. Webber, Supra, 33 Cal.2d 153, 160, 199 P.2d 934, 939: '. . . whether or not (the wife), during those 10 months, made adequate effort to find suitable work--consistent with her age, ability and health condition--and to establish herself as at least partially self-supporting would enter into the over-all picture in determining the question of (the husband's) obligation to make some provision for her. (Farrar v. Farrar, Supra, 41...