Marriott v. State, 91-3482
| Decision Date | 07 October 1992 |
| Docket Number | No. 91-3482,91-3482 |
| Citation | 605 So.2d 985 |
| Parties | 17 Fla. L. Week. D2298 Michael Donovan MARRIOTT, Appellant, v. STATE of Florida, Appellee. |
| Court | Florida District Court of Appeals |
We sua sponte consider this appeal en banc for purposes of receding from our position in Marriott v. State, 582 So.2d 728 (Fla. 4th DCA 1991) ("Marriott I"), which we now deem to be erroneous.
Michael Donovan Marriott brought this as a full appeal from an order entered pursuant to a Florida Rule of Criminal Procedure 3.850 motion for post-conviction relief. The trial court entered judgment of guilt on appellant's plea of nolo contendere to a charge of trafficking in cocaine in an amount over 400 grams. The court sentenced appellant to a minimum mandatory term of five (5) years in prison and imposed the mandatory $100,000 fine. Appellant pro se filed a Rule 3.987 Motion for Post Conviction Relief (the form motion to raise claims under rule 3.850). Judge Futch entered an order denying the motion without an evidentiary hearing. Appellant pro se appealed the order; we reversed and remanded the cause for an evidentiary hearing in Marriott I.
On remand from Marriott I, an assistant public defender represented appellant at the hearing before Judge Greene. Following the hearing, Judge Greene denied appellant's rule 3.850 motion, but indicated that he would grant a motion to withdraw the plea if appellant so moved. The trial court apparently felt that a rule 3.850 motion was not the proper procedural device to raise the issues presented here. Instead Judge Greene indicated appellant should utilize a writ of coram nobis as the procedural vehicle. A writ of coram nobis, however, is the proper vehicle where a defendant is no longer in custody. See Dugart v. State, 578 So.2d 789 (Fla. 4th DCA 1991). Appellant was in custody when he filed his motion under rule 3.850. As a result, a rule 3.850 motion was the proper procedural vehicle to invoke the court's jurisdiction to vacate appellant's nolo contendere plea, State v. Lasley, 513 So.2d 1372 (Fla. 2d DCA 1987), and the trial court could properly have permitted appellant to withdraw his plea.
After the evidentiary hearing the trial court found, and the record supports, that appellant's attorney did not apprise appellant of the possible deportation consequences. Appellant argues that the trial court violated this court's mandate in Marriott I when it ruled that defense counsel's failure to advise him regarding immigration consequences of his plea did not constitute ineffective assistance of counsel. We recognize that in Marriott I, relying on Dugart v. State, 578 So.2d 789 (Fla. 4th DCA 1991), we wrote It is true that the record does not provide a basis for this court to determine with absolute certainty that the trial court knew that the defendant was an alien and still failed to inform him of possible deportation. However, even assuming it did not know, appellant has made an adequate case of ineffective assistance of counsel for failure to advise him as to the possibility of deportation.
582 So.2d at 729. In Dugart, however, the defense attorney erroneously believed and advised the defendant that he would be subject to deportation only after a second felony conviction. The defendant relied on this affirmative misinformation when he entered his plea. At bar, defense counsel omitted entirely any discussion of possible deportation.
In light of Fundora v. State, 513 So.2d 122 (Fla.1987) (), as well as our holdings in Dugart and Marriott I, we deem it appropriate to revisit this issue in the context of rule 3.172(c)(viii). See Wallace v. P.L. Dodge Memorial Hospital, 399 So.2d 114, 116 (Fla. 3d DCA 1981). Fundora characterizes immigration consequences as a "collateral" issue which does not rise to a level of import to render counsel's failure to advise a defendant regarding deportation (as opposed to counsel misinforming his client) as constituting ineffective assistance of counsel. In Dugart and Marriott I, we questioned Fundora 's viability in the context of rule 3.172(c)(viii). The rule, however, is conspicuously silent as to defense counsel's duty to apprise defendants of possible immigration consequences of a plea. We hold that defense counsel's failure to advise appellant at bar as to the possible immigration consequences of his plea does not make an adequate case of ineffective assistance of counsel.
We do, however, find merit in appellant's second point on appeal, that the trial court's failure to advise him regarding immigration consequences sufficiently prejudiced him so that he should be permitted to withdraw his plea. We conclude that rule 3.172(c)(viii) renders it mandatory for the trial judge to instruct all defendants in all cases regarding possible immigration consequences. 1 See also In re Amendments to Florida Rules of Criminal Procedure, 536 So.2d 992 (Fla.1988). Accordingly, we also recede from Marriott I to the extent that our opinion renders conditional the trial court's duty to inform defendants of the potential for deportation. 2
Furthermore, it is undisputed that appellant's entry of a nolo contendere plea subjected him to...
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