McCannon v. Wilson

• Decision Date: 14 June 2004
• Docket Number: No. A04A0760.,A04A0760.
• Citation: 600 S.E.2d 796,267 Ga. App. 815
• Parties: McCANNON v. WILSON.
• Court: Georgia Court of Appeals

267 Ga. App. 815

600 S.E.2d 796

267 Ga.App. 815

McCANNON v. WILSON.

No. A04A0760.

Court of Appeals of Georgia.

June 14, 2004.

Hudson, Montgomery & Kalivoda, Richard F. Connelly, Jr., Athens, for appellant.

Blasingame, Burch, Garrard, Bryant & Ashley, Andrew J. Hill, Josh B. Wages, Athens, for appellee.

MILLER, Judge.

Richard McCannon appeals from an adverse jury verdict in his personal injury suit against Dennis Wilson arising out of a car accident involving only the Mustang driven by Wilson. McCannon contends the trial court erred by denying his motion in limine and in its charge to the jury. We discern no error and affirm.

The record shows that the accident occurred nine days after Wilson purchased an eight-cylinder Mustang with a 5.0 liter engine. Both Wilson and McCannon were NASCAR fans and McCannon testified that he liked fast cars. On the day of the accident, Wilson was driving his Mustang and McCannon was the passenger. After looking for jobs in Athens, the two men decided to buy some beer and Wilson bought a twelve-pack. The two men drove around and drank beer for a while until Wilson drove to his cousin's home. There was testimony that by that time, both men had drunk anywhere from two to four beers. There was testimony that both men continued to drink while visiting with Wilson's cousin.

Wilson's cousin testified that he told Wilson "he didn't need to be drinking and out there on the road." In his opinion, Wilson was "drunk" and "pretty obviously impaired." Wilson admitted that his cousin told him he should not be driving because he was drinking.

The cousin also testified that he told McCannon "he was welcomed [sic] to get out and use the phone, or whatever, and call somebody to come get him, because he was a fool to get in [sic] the road with [Wilson]." McCannon denied being told this.

Wilson testified that after leaving his cousin's house, he bought another 12-pack of beer because they had run out of beer. He then drove the car and parked it in the middle of the creek and "drank a couple of beers or so." McCannon testified that they did not purchase any more beer or go to the creek. He did acknowledge that they continued to ride around and drink beer from the original 12-pack.

Wilson testified that after leaving the creek, they drove on dirt roads that forced them to drive slowly for about a half hour. When they turned onto the paved road on which the accident occurred, McCannon said, "Let's see what you got," which Wilson interpreted as a request to "mash on the motor." Wilson accelerated to around 100 mph and McCannon said, "Is that all you got?" Wilson then accelerated to around 120 mph when the accident occurred. Wilson testified that he lost control and went off the road when he tried to avoid a deer that had darted into the road and then reversed course.

McCannon testified that he was reaching for a jacket in the back seat when the accident occurred and did not know how it happened. He denied asking Wilson how fast his car could go and also denied knowing that Wilson was speeding at the time of the accident.

Both Wilson and McCannon denied that Wilson was too drunk and impaired to drive at the time of the accident. McCannon testified that he would never ride with someone who was intoxicated, explaining that "drinking and being drunk is two different things."

The state trooper who responded to the accident arrived almost an hour after the accident. Both Wilson and McCannon had already been taken to the hospital when he arrived. He testified that he looked at the physical evidence, made measurements, and that this evidence indicated that the Mustang was traveling at an excessive speed. He also found no skid marks that would indicate braking or swerving before the accident. He then went to the hospital and obtained a blood sample from Wilson to test his blood alcohol level, which was below the legal limit at the time of the test. Photographs of the Mustang taken after the accident showed a twelve-pack carton in the front seat and another twelve-pack carton, as well as a six-pack carton, in the back seat.

1. McCannon contends the trial court erred by denying his motion in limine to exclude references to his parole status at the time of the accident. We find no merit in this contention because the record before us contains no ruling on McCannon's motion in limine. The record citation provided by McCannon refers this Court to his motion only, not an actual adverse ruling by the trial court. "Error must be shown affirmatively by the record, and not by mere recitations in a brief." (Citations and punctuation omitted.) Henry v. Medical Center, 216 Ga.App. 893, 894(1), 456 S.E.2d 216 (1995). Moreover, "[a]s appellate courts, we are courts for the correction of errors of law made by the trial courts . . . . An error of law has as its basis a specific ruling made by the trial court." (Citation omitted.) Felix v. State, 271 Ga. 534, 539, 523 S.E.2d 1 (1999). Without a ruling by the trial court, there is nothing for us to review.

To the extent McCannon argues that he was harmed by Wilson's passing reference to his parole status while being cross-examined by McCannon's counsel, he has waived the right for this Court to review this claim because he failed to object to the allegedly harmful and unresponsive testimony. See Sharpe v. Dept. of Transp., 267 Ga. 267, 270(1), 476 S.E.2d 722 (1996).

2. McCannon contends the trial court erred by giving the entire pattern impeachment charge because some of the impeachment methods did not apply to the facts of this case. Specifically, he objects to the trial court charging the jury that a witness can be impeached with his general bad character or conviction of a crime involving moral turpitude. As McCannon waived his right to claim error from the portion of the charge relating to general bad character by failing to object to this portion of the charge below, we will only consider the portion of the charge relating to impeachment by crimes involving moral turpitude. See Wigley v. Hambrick, 193 Ga.App. 903, 906(6), 389 S.E.2d 763 (1989) (holding that "[t]he objection... on appeal not having been made below, there is nothing to review") (citation omitted).

We agree with McCannon's assertion that this portion of the charge was not authorized by this case. "This would follow, if for no other reason, from the fact that no certified copy of any prior conviction of any witness was ever introduced into evidence in the ... trial." (Citation omitted.) Sultenfuss v. State, 185 Ga.App. 47, 50(5), 363 S.E.2d 337 (1987). "It does not follow, however, that the giving of this charge mandates a reversal. The giving of an unauthorized charge on an unavailable method of impeachment is generally harmless error." (Citations omitted.) Francis v. State, 266 Ga. 69, 72(3), 463 S.E.2d 859 (1995).

The trial court's charge mentioned this impeachment method only one time and it "was no more than a passing general reference." (Citations omitted.) Hardy v. State, 240 Ga.App. 115, 119-120(6), 522 S.E.2d 704 (1999). "Under these circumstances, the contested portion of the charge was at most merely irrelevant, being one of a number of stated methods of impeachment. Thus, taking the charge as a whole, there was no reversible error." (Citation omitted.) Francis, supra, 266 Ga. at 72(3), 463 S.E.2d 859. See also Hardy, supra, 240...