McGill v. State
| Decision Date | 11 February 1998 |
| Docket Number | No. CA,CA |
| Citation | 60 Ark.App. 246,962 S.W.2d 382 |
| Parties | James David McGILL, Appellant, v. STATE of Arkansas, Appellee. 97-186. |
| Court | Arkansas Court of Appeals |
Virginia Y. Middleton, Fayetteville, for Appellant.
Brad Newman, Asst. Atty. Gen., Little Rock, for Appellee.
After a bench trial in the Juvenile Division of the Washington County Chancery Court, the appellant, James David McGill, was found to be delinquent for committing criminal mischief in the first degree. He was sentenced to thirty days in the juvenile detention center with twenty-eight days suspended; he was also placed on supervised probation for twelve months, required to make restitution, and ordered to perform 100 hours of public service, among other terms and conditions. On appeal, appellant argues that the trial court erred by denying his motion for directed verdict because the evidence was not sufficient to prove he purposely destroyed or damaged any property. We affirm as modified and remand the case.
Appellant asked his high school classmate, Malanda Jo Gardner, if he could sit in her car to smoke a cigarette and listen to the radio. She gave him her keys. He did not ask Gardner if he could drive the car; likewise, she did not tell him he could drive the car.
Another classmate, Carl Shoffitt, was present when Gardner gave appellant her keys. Shoffitt saw appellant walk to the passenger side of the car and throw the keys over the top of the car to another student named Gene Duggin. Duggin got in the car, put the keys in the ignition, and turned the key over so he could use the cigarette lighter; appellant got in the passenger seat. Shoffitt testified that as he was about to go inside, he heard the vehicle start and turned around to look. He saw Duggin driving Gardner's car, with appellant in the passenger seat. He next saw the car thirty minutes later on the parking lot, after it had been wrecked.
Gardner testified that her car was in excellent condition before appellant borrowed the keys. The car was returned to her in a wrecked condition. Gardner's mother testified that the car had been "totaled," and that the frame was bent or warped. Gardner's mother further testified that Gardner's father "had $2,500 in the car."
Duggin and appellant gave conflicting statements. Duggin claimed that appellant drove the car and was "fishtailing" it around corners. Duggin stated that as appellant fishtailed around one corner, the back end of the car went to the right and swung up against a fence. The bumper was damaged, and the two students tried to put it back on. They brought the car back to the school after the accident.
Appellant gave two statements. In his first statement, appellant said nothing about leaving the school in the car. In his second statement, he admitted that he and Duggin took the car out of the parking lot, with Duggin driving. He claimed that Duggin lost control of the car, slid to the right, and hit a fence post. They tried to fix the damaged bumper and returned the car to the parking lot.
The State originally sought appellant's adjudication of delinquency based upon acts of criminal mischief in the first degree and theft of property. At trial, the court granted appellant's motion for directed verdict on the theft of property charge. The court denied the motion as to the remaining charge, and found appellant guilty of juvenile delinquency by reason of criminal mischief in the first degree.
Appellant contests the trial court's denial of his motion for directed verdict. He argues that the proof is not sufficient to establish that he purposely destroyed or damaged Gardner's car.
A motion for a directed verdict is a challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence. D.D. v. State, 40 Ark.App. 75, 842 S.W.2d 62 (1992). In reviewing the sufficiency of the evidence in a delinquency case, we apply the same standard of review as in criminal cases. C.H. v. State, 51 Ark.App. 153, 912 S.W.2d 942 (1995). When the sufficiency of the evidence is challenged on appeal from a criminal conviction, we consider only the proof that tends to support the finding of guilt, and we view the evidence in the light most favorable to the State. Id.; D.D., 40 Ark.App. at 76, 842 S.W.2d at 63. We will affirm if the conviction is supported by substantial evidence. C.H., 51 Ark.App. at 154, 912 S.W.2d at 943. Substantial evidence is that which is of sufficient force and character to compel a conclusion one way or the other without resorting to speculation or conjecture. Id.
A person commits the offense of criminal mischief in the first degree if he purposely and without legal justification destroys or causes damage to any property of another. Ark.Code Ann. § 5-38-203(a)(1)(Repl.1997). A person acts purposely with respect to his conduct or a result thereof when it is his conscious object to engage in conduct of that nature or to cause such a result. Ark.Code Ann. § 5-2-202(1). "It is not enough to show merely that the property was damaged or destroyed, for one essential element of this crime is that the damage was willfully caused and not accidental." Bray v. State, 12 Ark.App. 53, 670 S.W.2d 822, 823 (1984).
Appellant's delinquency adjudication based upon criminal mischief in the first degree is not supported by substantial evidence. Viewed in the light most favorable to the State, we cannot say that the evidence indicates that appellant purposely damaged the car. Although Duggin's statement that appellant fishtailed the car indicates appellant's intent to surrender some degree of control over the car, this evidence is not sufficient to show that appellant willfully intended to have a wreck and damage the car.
The State argues, in the alternative, that we should modify the delinquency adjudication by finding that it is based on an act that would constitute criminal mischief in the second degree. In his reply brief, appellant responds that he did not recklessly destroy or damage the car; rather, he simply borrowed Gardner's keys.
A person commits criminal mischief in the second degree if he recklessly destroys or damages any property of another. Ark.Code Ann. § 5-38-204(a)(1). A person acts recklessly with respect to attendant circumstances or a result of his conduct when he consciously disregards a substantial and unjustifiable risk that the circumstances exist or that the result will occur. The risk must be of the nature and degree that disregard thereof constitutes a gross deviation from the standard of care that a reasonable person would observe in the actor's situation. Ark.Code Ann. § 5-2-202(3).
We agree that the evidence supports the conclusion that appellant acted recklessly. Duggin's statement indicates that appellant fishtailed the car as he drove around a corner, so that he lost control of the car and struck a fence. By driving in this fashion, appellant consciously disregarded the risk that he could lose control of the car and have a wreck, resulting in the destruction of or damage to someone else's car. Thus, appellant's conscious disregard of the risk of a wreck would support a finding of delinquency for committing criminal mischief in the second degree.
Appellant argues that he never admitted to driving the car, and that his statements are corroborated by the testimony of Shoffitt. But, under our standard of review, we consider only the proof that tends to support the finding of appellant's guilt, and we view the evidence in the light most favorable to the State. See C.H., supra. Gardner gave appellant the keys to the car, Duggin stated that appellant drove the car, and appellant gave two inconsistent statements when confronted about the matter. There is substantial evidence to support the trial court's finding of appellant's delinquency. 1
Therefore, we modify the basis for the trial court's finding of delinquency to criminal mischief in the second degree. See Ark.Code Ann. § 16-67-325(a)(1987).
Where the evidence presented is insufficient to sustain a conviction for a certain crime, but where there is sufficient evidence to sustain a conviction for a lesser included offense of that crime, this court may "reduce the punishment to the maximum for the lesser offense, reduce it to the minimum for the lesser offense, fix it ... at some intermediate point, remand the case to the trial court for the assessment of the penalty, or grant a new trial either absolutely or conditionally."
Tigue v. State, 319 Ark. 147, 152-53, 889 S.W.2d 760, 762 (1994)(citing Trotter v. State, 290 Ark. 269, 719 S.W.2d 268 (1986)). Criminal mischief in the second degree is a lesser included offense of criminal mischief in the first degree. Cf. McElhanon v. State, 329 Ark. 261, 948 S.W.2d 89 (1997)(articulating the factors to consider in finding a lesser-included offense). Second-degree criminal mischief is established by proof of the same elements as first-degree criminal mischief; the crimes are of the same generic class; and the distinction between the two offenses is based upon grades of intent or degrees of culpability. Compare § 5-38-203(a)(1) with § 5-38-204(a)(1).
While we modify the underlying basis for finding appellant delinquent to criminal mischief in the second degree, we note that the trial court's punishment options did not depend upon the degree or classification of the underlying charge. See Ark.Code Ann. § 9-27-330 (Repl.1993). Thus, unlike the situation typified by Tigue, modifying the basis for the delinquency charge to criminal mischief in the second degree leaves us with little or no guidance for fixing appellant's punishment. For this reason, we remand this case to the trial court for assessment of the penalty. See Ark.Code Ann. § 16-67-325(a); Tigue, supra. We announce no opinion on the suitability of appellant's current punishment.
Affirmed as modified and remanded for further proceedings not inconsistent with this opinion.
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