Mclaurin v. Ott, A14A0520.

• Decision Date: 09 June 2014
• Docket Number: No. A14A0520.,A14A0520.
• Citation: 327 Ga.App. 488,759 S.E.2d 567
• Parties: McLAURIN v. OTT, Judge.
• Court: Georgia Court of Appeals

327 Ga.App. 488

759 S.E.2d 567

McLAURIN

v.OTT, Judge.

No. A14A0520.

Court of Appeals of Georgia.

June 9, 2014.

Joshua McLaurin, pro se.

Anthony Scott Carter, Layla Hinton Zon, for Appellee.

John M. Ott, pro se.

MCFADDEN, Judge.

Joshua McLaurin filed a petition and supporting brief requesting permission to make video recordings of the July 15, 2013 and July 18, 2013 criminal calendar proceedings in the Alcovy Judicial Circuit. After an extended colloquy, the trial court denied the petition, and McLaurin filed this appeal.¹ Because the trial court erred in his application of OCGA § 15–1–10.1, the statute setting out the factors to be considered when determining whether to allow video recording in a courtroom, we vacate that decision and remand.

1. Facts and proceedings below.

McLaurin petitioned to record the criminal calendar proceedings in Walton County on July 15, 2013, and in Newton County on July 18, 2013. The petition and brief cited OCGA § 15–1–10.1 and Uniform Superior Court Rule 22, which addresses electronic and photographic news coverage of judicial proceedings.

Following a form set out at Rule 22, the petition recited that McLaurin was “Representing” the Yale Law School and that his “Position” was “ Student.” Before ruling, the trial court engaged McLaurin in an extended colloquy. During the course of that colloquy, McLaurin explained that he was engaged in a project examining the Georgia criminal justice system and the varying experiences of indigent defendants in different parts of the state. The trial court expressed concerns about McLaurin's inability to produce credentials confirming that he was in fact a law student engaged in an academic project, that McLaurin might actually be engaged in a for-profit venture, and that the finished product might be edited so as to create a false impression. And, noting that there were thirty cases on the calendar, the trial court expressed concerns about the administrative burden of notifying the parties and any witnesses of their right to object.

At the end of the colloquy the trial court held that Rule 22 applies only to “news media” and was therefore inapplicable and that OCGA § 15–1–10.1 was controlling. That statute directs courts considering requests to televise, videotape, or film a judicial proceeding to consider the following factors:

(1) The nature of the particular proceeding at issue;

(2) The consent or objection of the parties or witnesses whose testimony will be presented in the proceedings;

(3) Whether the proposed coverage will promote increased public access to the courts and openness of judicial proceedings;

(4) The impact upon the integrity and dignity of the court;

(5) The impact upon the administration of the court;

(6) The impact upon due process and the truth finding function of the judicial proceeding;

(7) Whether the proposed coverage would contribute to the enhancement of or detract from the ends of justice;

(8) Any special circumstances of the parties, victims, witnesses, or other participants such as the need to protect children or factors involving the safety of participants in the judicial proceeding; and

(9) Any other factors which the court may determine to be important under the circumstances of the case.

OCGA § 15–1–10.1(b).

At the end of the colloquy, the trial court analyzed the case under those factors; and his subsequent written order incorporated that oral analysis by reference. As to the first factor, nature of proceeding, the trial court simply noted that McLaurin sought to record all proceedings on the days in question. The trial court did not reach the second factor, consent or objection of the parties or witnesses, because doing so would have required “an individualized hearing with every case, with every witness in a balancing test,” which, the trial court found, would have entailed an excessive administrative burden. As to the third factor, the trial court found that McLaurin's project would have done nothing to promote increased public access to the courts and openness of judicial proceedings because the proceedings “are open a hundred percent now.” As to the fourth, the trial court found that there would be no impact upon the integrity and dignity of the court because the courtroom has an attached media room from which the proceedings could be recorded without disturbing the participants. The trial court found dispositive the fifth factor, impact upon the administration of the court: “I find it does have a tremendous impact upon the administration of the court, because it doubles the court time and slows down the court time, and as the District Attorney has indicated, and the Public Defender would probably agree, they can't work on other things while they are in court, and we have just got a case load that everybody needs to be continuing working on.” The trial court did not address the sixth factor, impact upon due process and the truth finding function of judicial proceedings. The trial court did not reach the seventh factor, enhancement of or detraction from the ends of justice, because, he held, he could not do so without seeing the finished product. The trial court also declined to reach the eighth factor, special circumstances of the parties, victims, witnesses, or other participants, because he was declining to have the sort of hearing necessary to address it. The trial court added no additional considerations under the ninth, catchall, factor.

2. Jurisdiction.

McLaurin's direct appeal “was not rendered moot by the completion of [the criminal calendar proceedings specified in his petition], because the underlying dispute is capable of repetition, yet evading review.” Multimedia WMAZ v. State, 256 Ga. 698, 699(1), 353 S.E.2d 173 (1987) (citation and punctuation omitted).

3. Uniform Superior Court Rule 22.

McLaurin enumerates as error the trial court's finding that Rule 22 applies only to members of the news media. But any error in that finding was harmless. The trial court also found that OCGA § 15–1–10.1 applies to the requests of private individuals like McLaurin, and the standards set out in that statute are incorporated into section (P) of Rule 22.

We note however that the introductory paragraph to Rule 22 provides that “representatives of the public media utilizing [electronic or photographic] equipment are subject to the following restrictions and conditions ....” and section (B) of Rule 22 provides, “Approval of the judge to broadcast/record/photograph a proceeding, if granted, shall be granted without partiality or preference to any person ... or type of electronic or photographic coverage, who agrees to abide by and conform to these rules.” (Emphasis supplied). See also Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assn., –––U.S. ––––, ––––(II), 131 S.Ct. 2729, 180 L.Ed.2d 708 (2011) (“[W]hatever the challenges of applying the Constitution to ever-advancing technology, the basic principles of freedom of speech and the press, like the First Amendment's command, do not vary when a new and different medium for communication appears.”) (citation and punctuation omitted); Lovell v. City of Griffin, 303 U.S. 444, 452, 58 S.Ct. 666, 82 L.Ed. 949 (1938) (on certiorari to the Court of Appeals of Georgia) (“The press in its historical connotation comprehends every sort of publication which affords a vehicle of information and opinion.”). More fundamentally, we note that any effort by the courts to decide who is and who is not entitled to be treated as legitimate “news media” impinges on a core foundational principle. See Lovell v. City of Griffin, supra, 303 U.S. at 451–52, 58 S.Ct. 666.

4. OCGA § 15–1–10.1.

The trial court's analysis of the statute, while thoughtful, overlooks our Supreme Court's direction that when ruling on requests under OCGA § 15–1–10.1, trial courts “should bear in mind this state's policy favoring open judicial proceedings.” Morris Communications v. Griffin, 279 Ga. 735, 736, 620 S.E.2d 800 (2005). “[A]lthough the decision whether to allow electronic and photographic coverage of a trial is within the discretion of the trial court, if a trial court denies such coverage, there must be a factual basis in the record that supports the denial.” Id. (citation omitted).

In light of that policy, we must vacate ...