Meeks v. Singletary, 87-3281

• Decision Date: 29 May 1992
• Docket Number: No. 87-3281,87-3281
• Parties: Douglas Ray MEEKS, Petitioner-Appellant, v. Harry K. SINGLETARY, Secretary, Florida Department of Offender Rehabilitation, and Tom Barton, Superintendent of Florida State Prison at Starke, Florida, Respondents-Appellees.
• Court: U.S. Court of Appeals — Eleventh Circuit

Page 316

963 F.2d 316

Douglas Ray MEEKS, Petitioner-Appellant, v. Harry K. SINGLETARY, Secretary, Florida Department of

Offender Rehabilitation, and Tom Barton,

Superintendent of Florida State Prison

at Starke, Florida,

Respondents-Appellees.

No. 87-3281.

United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit.

May 29, 1992.

Stephen D. Stitt, Key West, Fla., Billy N. Nolas, Tallahassee, Fla., Julie D. Naylor, Ocala, Fla., for petitioner-appellant.

Richard E. Doran, Carolyn Snurkowski, Asst. Attys. Gen., Tallahassee, Fla., for respondents-appellees.

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Northern District of Florida.

Before TJOFLAT, Chief Judge, ANDERSON, Circuit Judge, and CLARK, Senior Circuit Judge.

TJOFLAT, Chief Judge:

Douglas Ray Meeks is a Florida prison inmate. In two separate trials, Meeks was convicted of first degree murder and sentenced to death. Meeks appeals from an order of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Florida denying his petition for a writ of habeas corpus under 28 U.S.C. § 2254 (1988) without an evidentiary hearing.

We reverse the district court's denial of habeas relief and remand the case for proceedings consistent with this opinion.

I.

The extended procedural history of this case has been outlined in a recent opinion by the Florida Supreme Court. See Meeks v. Dugger, 576 So.2d 713 (Fla.1991). In that opinion, the Florida Supreme Court remanded the case to the state trial court for an evidentiary hearing to determine whether jury instructions given at the sentencing phases of both trials in violation of Hitchcock v. Dugger, 481 U.S. 393, 107 S.Ct. 1821, 95 L.Ed.2d 347 (1987), constituted harmless error. Meeks, 576 So.2d at 716. Proceedings in the state trial court have been held in abeyance pending our disposition of this appeal.

In his amended federal habeas petition, Meeks asserted thirteen "grounds of illegality of [his] convictions and death sentences." ¹ ] The district court addressed the merits of only two grounds for relief: (1) petitioner's counsel rendered ineffective assistance during the guilt and sentencing phases of petitioner's trials, and (2) petitioner's death sentences were the product of racial discrimination in violation of petitioner's right to equal protection as guaranteed by the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, and in violation of petitioner's right to be free from cruel and unusual punishment under the Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments. ² In support of its finding that "only the two issues named above remain," the district court explained:

Since the remaining grounds asserted in the petition for writ of habeas corpus have never formally been abandoned, the Court notes the following in support of its judgment that only the two issues named above remain. First, as early as December 6, 1983 counsel for petitioner stated in a letter to the court (doc 25) that only two issues remained to be resolved (one of which was effectiveness of counsel). Second, as recently as the status conference of June 6, 1985, only the two issues named above were argued by petitioner's counsel. Finally, the Florida Supreme Court was presented with almost all of the issues asserted in the instant petition. In Meeks v. State, 382 So.2d 673 (Fla.1980) that Court held that all of petitioner's claims except ineffective assistance of counsel and racial discrimination were barred by procedural default.

(Emphasis in original.)

We note at the outset that the district court's reasons for addressing but two of petitioner's claims remain unclear. As the court correctly remarked, petitioner never formally abandoned any claims. The court's order suggests that the court failed to address the merits of petitioner's remaining claims because he informally abandoned them and because the Florida Supreme Court had found some, but not all, of the remaining claims to have been procedurally defaulted. The court's order permits at least three interpretations. First, the court found that petitioner had abandoned the remaining claims, a conclusion supported by the Florida Supreme Court's finding of procedural default as to "almost all" the remaining issues. Second, although the court found that petitioner never had abandoned the remaining claims, a letter by petitioner's counsel to the court and that counsel's arguments at a status hearing, synergetically combined with the Florida Supreme Court's finding of procedural default as to "almost all" the remaining claims, somehow relieved the district court of its obligation to consider these claims. Finally, the court found both that petitioner had abandoned the remaining claims, and that he was procedurally barred from raising any of them in federal court due to the Florida Supreme Court finding of procedural default as to "almost all" of them.

For purposes of this opinion, we adopt the third, and most charitable, reading of the district court's order. We first address the two claims the district court decided to consider on the merits: "ineffective assistance of counsel" and "racial discrimination." The latter claim is without merit in light of McCleskey v. Kemp, 481 U.S. 279, 107 S.Ct. 1756, 95 L.Ed.2d 262 (1987). Before delving into a discussion of the ineffectiveness claim the district court did discuss, we briefly comment on the ineffectiveness claim it did not. Petitioner raised two distinct claims of ineffective assistance of counsel, one pertaining to his counsel's performance at the guilt and sentencing phases of his two trials, the other relating to that counsel's performance on appeal from petitioner's convictions and sentences. As the State's response had done, the district court's order addressed only the former claim of ineffectiveness. Even the catch-all phrase at the end of the court's order refers solely to trial counsel's errors at trial and makes no reference to errors on appeal: "Having reviewed the complete record and all of petitioner's remaining assertions of errors by trial counsel, it is the judgment of this Court that no such errors were reasonably likely to have an effect on petitioner's trials sufficient to warrant reversal." On remand, we direct the district court to address petitioner's claim of ineffectiveness of counsel on appeal.

The court refused to hold an evidentiary hearing on petitioner's claim of ineffectiveness of counsel at trial because petitioner had received a full and fair hearing on this issue in the state court. The district court's discussion of petitioner's claim of ineffectiveness of counsel at trial, much like the State's response, consisted mostly of a summary of testimony given at the hearing on petitioner's motion pursuant to Fla.R.Crim.P. 3.850 in state trial court.

The mere occurrence of a full and fair hearing in the state court, however, does not neutralize petitioner's right to an evidentiary hearing in federal court. "It is well established that a habeas petitioner is entitled to an evidentiary hearing on a claim if he or she alleges facts that, if proved at the hearing, would entitle petitioner to relief." James v. Singletary, 957 F.2d 1562, 1573 n. 17 (11th Cir.1992) (citing Townsend v. Sain, 372 U.S. 293, 313, 83 S.Ct. 745, 757, 9 L.Ed.2d 770 (1963); Thomas v. Zant, 697 F.2d 977, 983 (11th Cir.1983)). True, once a petitioner alleges such facts, and Meeks clearly does, an evidentiary hearing may not be required if a state court has made findings as to those very facts. State court fact findings would then be entitled to a presumption of correctness under 28 U.S.C. § 2254(d).

In the present case, however, the rule 3.850 trial court never made any fact findings pertaining to petitioner's claims of ineffective assistance at trial and on appeal. ³ The Florida Supreme Court's opinion affirming the rule 3.850 court contains at most one passage that conceivably could be interpreted as a fact finding. ⁴ In its most recent opinion, the Florida Supreme Court summarily, and without any fact findings, rejected petitioner's claim of ineffectiveness on appeal. Meeks v. Dugger, 576 So.2d 713, 716 n. 3 (Fla.1991).

Motivated by the mistaken belief that the mere occurrence of a full and fair hearing in state court obviates the need for an evidentiary hearing in federal court, the district court, of course, made no reference to any findings by any state court. Accordingly, we hold that petitioner is entitled to an evidentiary hearing on his claims of ineffective assistance of counsel at trial and on appeal. ⁵

We now discuss the district court's grounds for not addressing all but two of petitioner's claims: abandonment and procedural default. Although the district court acknowledges that petitioner never "formally" abandoned any claims, it cites a letter from petitioner's counsel to the court of December 6, 1983, and the status conference of June 6, 1985, in support of its conclusion that petitioner, presumably informally, had abandoned all but two claims. Our review of the letter and the transcript of the status hearing has failed to produce any evidence that petitioner abandoned any claims. Certainly, neither the letter nor the transcript of the status conference permits the conclusion that petitioner knowingly, voluntarily, or intentionally abandoned any claim. See Potts v. Zant, 638 F.2d 727, 742, 747-51 (5th Cir. Unit B), cert. denied, 454 U.S. 877, 102 S.Ct. 357, 70 L.Ed.2d 187 (1981); Potts v. Zant, 734 F.2d 526, 528-29 (11th Cir.1984), cert. denied sub nom. Kemp v. Potts, 475 U.S. 1068, 106 S.Ct. 1386, 89 L.Ed.2d 610 (1986).

First, the December 6 letter simply did not contain the statement the district court ascribed to it. Instead of stating "that only two issues remained to be resolved," the letter remarked that "one of the two primary issues in Mr. Meeks' case is the sufficiency of legal representation at trial, sentencing, and direct appeal." The letter responded to a May 31, 1983, order to show cause why Meeks' petition ought not be...