Meeks v. State, F-81-49

• Decision Date: 09 December 1981
• Docket Number: No. F-81-49,F-81-49
• Citation: 637 P.2d 1259
• Parties: Michael Jesse MEEKS, Appellant, v. The STATE of Oklahoma, Appellee.
• Court: United States State Court of Criminal Appeals of Oklahoma. Court of Criminal Appeals of Oklahoma

Page 1259

637 P.2d 1259

Michael Jesse MEEKS, Appellant, v. The STATE of Oklahoma, Appellee.

No. F-81-49.

Court of Criminal Appeals of Oklahoma.

Dec. 9, 1981.

An appeal from the District Court, Comanche County; William Roberts, judge.

MICHAEL JESSE MEEKS, appellant, was convicted of Possession of Marijuana with the Intent to Distribute, in the District Court of Comanche County, Case No. CRF-79-453. He was sentenced to three (3) years' imprisonment and a two thousand five hundred dollar ($2,500.00) fine, and he appeals. REVERSED AND REMANDED.

Robert E. Prince, Prince & Brown, Lawton, for appellant.

Jan Eric Cartwright, Atty. Gen., Charles S. Rogers, Asst. Atty. Gen., Deputy Chief, Criminal Division, State of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, for appellee.

OPINION

BUSSEY, Judge:

The appellant, Michael Jesse Meeks, was convicted of Possession of Marijuana with the Intent to Distribute, in violation of 63 O.S.1971, § 2-401, in the District Court of Comanche County, Case No. CRF-79-453. The appellant was sentenced to three (3) years' imprisonment and a two thousand five hundred dollar ($2,500.00) fine. At trial, the prosecution offered into evidence marijuana that had been seized by police during a search of an automobile in which the appellant was a passenger. The appellant is not an owner of the vehicle, and he specifically denied ownership of the marijuana.

Since we are not concerned with the issue of probable cause, only a brief description of the events that led to the search and seizure is deemed to be necessary. On the afternoon of September 26, 1979, Lawton Police Lieutenant Andy Forguson received information from an informant that the appellant would be leaving later that day for Oklahoma City to pick up marijuana and bring it back to Lawton. Forguson dispatched plain clothes officers Griffen and Adamson to run surveillance on the appellant's apartment in west Lawton. Later that evening, the officers witnessed the appellant and a companion exit the appellant's apartment and leave in an automobile. The officers proceeded to follow the appellant, but subsequently lost contact with him. Officer Adamson was assigned to the turnpike toll booth near Chickasha, Oklahoma, to wait for the return of the appellant from Oklahoma City; about midnight, he observed the suspect automobile drive through the turnpike tollgate exit. Adamson followed the automobile and stopped it at Old Cache Road, in Lawton, as he had been instructed, where other police officers provided assistance. The occupants were ordered out of the car, the vehicle was searched and a plastic trash bag containing marijuana was seized from behind the passenger front seat.

Before trial, the appellant moved to suppress the marijuana seized from the car on the ground that the search violated the Fourth and Fourteenth Amendments. The appellant's motion was subsequently denied by the trial court.

In the appellant's first assignment of error, he contends that the trial court erred in denying his motion to suppress the evidence obtained from the illegal search and seizure. In moving to suppress the evidence on Fourth Amendment grounds, the appellant has assumed that he had standing to make such an objection. Whether the appellant had standing to bring a Fourth Amendment challenge must first be determined before an inquiry can be made concerning violations of his Fourth Amendment rights.

The United States Supreme Court in Jones v. United States, 362 U.S. 257, 80 S.Ct. 725, 4 L.Ed.2d 697 (1960), stated that an individual has standing to bring a Fourth Amendment challenge if he is "legitimately on the premises searched," or if the "indictment itself charges possession." Therefore, Jones, established a two-legged rule of automatic standing to challenge an allegedly unlawful search. The court later repudiated the "legitimately on premises" leg of the Jones, automatic standing rule in Rakas v. Illinois, 439 U.S. 128, 99 S.Ct. 421, 58 L.Ed.2d 387 (1978). In Rakas, the court stated that the phrase "legitimately on premises," coined in Jones, creates too broad a gauge for measurement of Fourth Amendment rights. " According to Rakas, the fact that one was legitimately on the premises does not, of itself, confer standing; rather, it supports the proposition that one had a legitimate expectation of privacy. Therefore, under Rakas, a showing of a legitimate expectation of privacy will be required to claim the protection of the Fourth Amendment.

Rakas, did not speak to the second leg of the Jones, automatic standing rule, i.e. possession. The possession issue was resolved in United States v. Salvucci, 448 U.S. 83, 100 S.Ct. 2547, 65 L.Ed.2d 619 (1980), where the court stated that: "Defendants charged with crimes of possession may only claim the benefits of the exclusionary rule if their own Fourth Amendment rights have in fact been violated. The automatic standing rule of Jones v. U. S., is therefore overruled."

In Salvucci, the court stated that the reasons for the Jones, automatic standing rule no longer exists. The court in Jones, found that possessory offenses presented a special problem requiring automatic standing. The problem facing Jones, was that in order for a defendant to establish standing at a hearing on a motion to suppress, he would often be forced to allege facts that could be used to convict him. Also, the court reasoned that the government should not be...