Mills v. Mills

• Decision Date: 30 April 1976
• Citation: 345 N.E.2d 915,4 Mass.App.Ct. 273
• Parties: Lorraine M. MILLS v. Harold J. MILLS.
• Court: Appeals Court of Massachusetts

Page 915

345 N.E.2d 915

4 Mass.App.Ct. 273

Lorraine M. MILLS

v. Harold J. MILLS.

Appeals Court of Massachusetts, Worcester.

Argued June 9, 1975.

Decided April 30, 1976.

Darragh K. Kasakoff, Worcester, for defendant.

Before HALE, C.J., and GOODMAN and GRANT, JJ.

GOODMAN, Justice.

This is an appeal from a decree entered September 6, 1974, adjudging the defendant in contempt of a divorce decree entered February 10, 1966, and ordering that he pay the sum of $7,000 to his two children ¹ pursuant to a stipulation which had been 'incorporated into and made a part of this (divorce) decree.' The stipulation provides in paragraph 8 '(t)hat the libellant (plaintiff) shall convey all her right, title and interest to (certain) real estate . . . to the libellee (defendant) . . . and that in the event of the sale of said real estate by the said libellee . . . the libellee shall pay the children of the parties hereto, one-half of the proceeds thereof, but not less than Seven Thousand (7000) Dollars . . ..' ²

Subsequent to the divorce decree the defendant remarried and by deed dated January 16, 1974, transferred the real estate to himself and his second wife as tenants by the entirety. The defendant testified (the evidence is reported) that his second wife did not give 'any money or anything of value' for the transfer, and the trial judge found that the defendant 'intended to give his wife her interest as a gift.' The defendant argues primarily (1) that the plaintiff had no standing to bring the petition because the children had reached their majority ³ and (2) that in any event there was no violation of the stipulation in the decree because the transfer was not a sale.

1. The defendant's argument that the plaintiff has no standing to bring contempt proceedings because the divorce decree requires payments to her adult children rather than to her misconceives her status in relation to that decree. The contempt proceedings were 'an incident of the principal suit (the divorce action).' New England Overall Co., Inc. v. Woltmann 343 Mass. 69, 80, 176 N.E.2d 193, 200 (1961). Parker v. United States, 153 F.2d 66, 70 (1st Cir. 1946). ('Proceedings in civil contempt are between the original parties and are instituted and tried as a part of the main cause.') As a party to the divorce decree she acquired whatever rights the decree created against her husband. Among them was the right to have the payment made as stipulated; and it is her right in this respect which she claims was violated and seeks to enforce. Such enforcement is the precise function of a civil contempt proceeding. '(T)he real purpose of the court order is purely remedial--to coerce obedience to a decree passed in complainant's favor, or to compensate complainant for loss caused by respondent's disobedience of such a decree.' Parker v. United States, supra. See United Factory Outlet, Inc. v. Jay's Stores, Inc. 361 Mass. 35, 36, 278 N.E.2d 716, 717 (1972). ('(The plaintiff) attempt(s) merely to obtain the benefit of the (divorce decree).')

Here the plaintiff is not deprived of standing because she seeks enforcement of the divorce decree rather than compensation for the violation. See Perry v. Perry, 329 Mass. 771, 110 N.E.2d 498 (1953). Nor did she become 'disentitled', as the defendant argues, when the children became adults. The decree was obviously intended to remain in effect indefinitely, until payments were required upon the defendant's sale of the property or upon his death. It thus contemplated the possibility (perhaps probability) that the children would be adults when paragraphs 8 and 10 of the stipulation became applicable.

We have found no authority directly in point, and the cases cited by the defendant are unpersuasive. ⁴ (Cases on the general subject are collected in anno. 61 A.L.R.2d 1083, 1094--1098 (1958).) However, in Tisdell v. Tisdell, 363 P.2d 277 (Okl.1961) a mother was held to have standing to bring a contempt petition against her former husband for noncompliance with a child support order notwithstanding the fact that the payments were to be made to a guardian and not to the mother. The court observed '(t)he plaintiff cannot be assumed to have lost her interest in her daughter . . ..' P. 280. Compare Savell v. Savell, 213 Miss. 869, 58 So.2d 41 (1952).

An obvious analogy to the stipulation in the divorce decree is the third party beneficiary contract. Whatever the standing of a child to enforce provisions in a contract made for its benefit (see Green v. Green, 298 Mass. 19, 22--23, 9 N.E.2d 413 (1937)), it is clear that a party to such a contract may enforce it. Bettencourt v. Bettencourt, 362 Mass. 1, 10--11, 284 N.E.2d 238 (1972). Corbin, Contracts, §§ 826, 1154 (1951). See Mass.R.Dom.Rel.P. 17(a) (effective July 1, 1975). We see no reason for a distinction between the standing of a party to a contract which the court enforces because a bargain has been negotiated and the standing of a party to a decree which the court enforces because the decree represents the court's resolution of a controversy between the parties.

2. We agree with the defendant that his transfer of the real estate to himself and his wife, as tenants by the entirety, was not a sale. The trial judge found that the defendant 'intended to give his wife her interest as a gift' and thus indicated his belief in the defendant's testimony that the defendant received no money or anything of value. See E. I. Du Pont De Nemours & Co., Inc. v. Kaufman & Chernick, Inc., 337 Mass. 216, 219--220, 148 N.E.2d 634 (1958). The recitation in the deed that the consideration for the conveyance was 'such that no documentary stamps are required, it being less than one hundred dollars' is not inconsistent with a gift. Further, the defendant's testimony is competent to show that no consideration actually passed. ' (A) grantor is not absolutely bound by the consideration or the acknowledgement of its payment expressed in his deed, and . . . the true consideration may be shown by parole or other evidence.' McRae v. Pope, 311 Mass. 500, 504, 42 N.E.2d 261, 264 (1942). Cardinal v. Hadley, 158 Mass. 352, 354, 33 N.E. 575 (1893). We therefore see no justification under paragraph 8 of the stipulation for an order that the defendant pay $7,000 to the children.

3. This is not to say that the defendant may not be guilty of contempt in making the present transfer. On this record the transfer is clearly (Coyne Industrial Laundry of Schenectady, Inc. v. Gould, 359 Mass. 269, 275--276, 268 N.E.2d 848 (1971)) in derogation of paragraph 10 of the stipulation which provides that upon the defendant's death the property is to be sold and one-half the proceeds (but not less than $7,000) distributed to the children. Indeed, the defendant testified: 'I figured that my wife would inherit my share of the house.' Moreover, the decree enumerates the types of disposition which are permitted (see fn. 2 and the text to which it is appended). On its face we would construe the decree to exclude any other disposition such as the transfer in this case. See Horvitz v. Zalkind, 332 Mass. 125, 128, 123 N.E.2d 382 (1954). Cf. Hamlen v. Rednalloh Co., 291 Mass. 119, 123, 197 N.E. 149 (1935).

However, the only contempt which has been charged is the failure to pay at least $7,000 upon a sale as provided in paragraph 8 of the stipulation. Charges of other violations can be considered on this petition only if it is amended to include such charges and the defendant is given an opportunity to defend against them. Crystal, petitioner, 330 Mass. 583, 588--589, 116 N.E.2d 255 (1953). Nickerson v. Dowd, 342 Mass. 462, 472, 174 N.E.2d 346 (1961). Meranto v. Meranto, --- Mass. ---, --- ^a, 323 N.E.2d 723 (1975). We deem it appropriate to point out that the trial judge in contempt proceedings has broad discretion to fashion remedies (Blackenburg v. Commonwealth, 260 Mass. 369, 373, 157 N.E. 693 (1927); United Factory Outlet, Inc. v. Jay's Stores, Inc., 361 Mass. at 38, fn. 3, 278 N.E.2d 716) in order to secure the plaintiff against threats to the integrity of the decree although they may not as yet have succeeded. N.L.R.B. v. American Mfg. Co., 132 F.2d 740, 742 (5th Cir. 1943). United States v. Gamewell Co., 95 F.Supp. 9, 13 (D.Mass.1951). See Scola v. Scola, 318 Mass. 9, 11, 59 N.E.2d 773 (1945).

Accordingly, the judgment is reversed and the case is remanded to the Probate Court. Nickerson v. Dowd, supra. United States Time Corp. v. G.E.M. of Boston, Inc., 345 Mass. 279, 283, 186...