Mitchell v. State

• Decision Date: 16 January 1996
• Docket Number: No. CR,CR
• Citation: 323 Ark. 116,913 S.W.2d 264
• Parties: Derrick MITCHELL, Appellant, v. STATE of Arkansas, Appellee. 95-439.
• Court: Arkansas Supreme Court

Page 264

913 S.W.2d 264

323 Ark. 116

Derrick MITCHELL, Appellant, v. STATE of Arkansas, Appellee.

No. CR 95-439.

Supreme Court of Arkansas.

Jan. 16, 1996.

Michael L. Allison, Morrilton, for Appellant.

Kent G. Holt, Asst. Attorney General, Little Rock, for Appellee.

BROWN, Justice.

Appellant Derrick Mitchell was tried and convicted of three offenses arising out of a shooting incident in Union Chapel, including first-degree murder. He appeals on six grounds. We hold that none of the points of appeal has merit, and we affirm.

During the early morning hours of January 8, 1994, a fight broke out at a party at Sonny's Place in Union Chapel. In order to stop the fighting, an individual named Michael Clemons fired at least one shot from his pistol at the ceiling, and the fighting stopped. Hearing the shots, appellant Mitchell kicked in the door at Sonny's Place and brandished a fully automatic Mac II nine millimeter pistol. According to one witness, he said: "You ... want to play bad, I'm the baddest thing around." He started shooting and sprayed the ceiling and wall with gunfire. According to Shalla Criswell, she heard the shooting stop but when she and Felicia Payne came to the bedroom door, Mitchell opened fire again. Shalla Criswell was wounded in the side, and Felicia Payne was shot in the abdomen and later died as a result of that wound. According to Criswell, after the shooting Mitchell said: "I got the bitch," referring to Felicia Payne.

During a mental health evaluation before trial, Mitchell claimed that he had been possessed by a demon at the time of the shooting. He was found fit to stand trial. At trial, he admitted shooting the victims but offered a defense. He claimed that he was inside Sonny's Place when a door slammed, and he felt the gun go off. He did not remember firing it himself. He blamed his memory loss on intoxication. He was convicted of first-degree murder, first-degree battery, and aggravated assault and received 40 years, 20 years, and 6 years, respectively. The circuit court ordered that the sentences be served consecutively.

Mitchell asserts that there was insufficient evidence to support his conviction for first-degree murder, and we consider this point initially, as is our practice. Rockett v. State, 319 Ark. 335, 891 S.W.2d 366 (1995). Mitchell has failed to preserve this issue for our review due to a lack of specificity in his motion for a directed verdict following the State's case. He merely stated in general terms that he did not believe that there was sufficient evidence to justify the charge. We set a bright line rule in Walker v. State, 318 Ark. 107, 883 S.W.2d 831 (1994), and held that a motion for directed verdict in a criminal case must include the specific ground for the motion. In Walker, we quoted from earlier authority that a directed verdict motion must be sufficiently specific to apprise the circuit court of the particular point raised. See Patrick v. State, 314 Ark. 285, 862 S.W.2d 239 (1993), quoting Middleton v. State, 311 Ark. 307, 842 S.W.2d 434 (1992). Accordingly, we will not consider this point.

Mitchell next contends that the circuit court erred in finding him competent to stand trial. A defendant in a criminal case is ordinarily presumed to be mentally competent to stand trial, and the burden of proving incompetence is on that defendant. Mask v. State, 314 Ark. 25, 869 S.W.2d 1 (1993) (substituted opinion on denial of rehearing). The test for determining if an accused is competent to stand trial is whether he is aware of the nature of the charges against him and is capable of cooperating effectively with his attorney in the preparation of his defense. See Ark.Code Ann. § 5-2-302 (Repl.1993); see also Mauppin v. State, 314 Ark. 566, 865 S.W.2d 270 (1993). In Mauppin, we stated:

We have said that in order to be competent to stand trial an accused must have the capacity to understand the nature and object of the proceedings brought against him, to consult with counsel, and to assist in the preparation of his defense. Addison v. State, 298 Ark. 1, 765 S.W.2d 566 (1989). Upon appellate review of a finding of an accused's fitness to stand trial, the appellate court will affirm if there is substantial evidence to support the finding of the trial court. Id.

314 Ark. at 567, 865 S.W.2d at 271.

Mitchell was evaluated in 1994 by a team headed by Dr. John Anderson, a psychologist with the Mental Health Services Division of the Arkansas Department of Human Services. He was found to be of average or low intelligence but able to understand the legal proceedings against him and to assist effectively in his own defense. The evaluation noted that other than Mitchell's own assertion that he was possessed by a demon at the time of the shooting, there were no other symptoms of a mental disorder at the time of the shooting. Tests were also administered, and Dr. Anderson concluded that the results of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 test were inconclusive in that Mitchell either did not read the questions, randomly answered them, or answered them in such a way as to over-report symptoms. Dr. Anderson stated during the competency hearing that Mitchell told him that there was a seven to eight minute gap in his memory during the shooting incident which might have been caused by a demon. Dr. Anderson concluded that Mitchell was competent to stand trial.

Mitchell offered no expert testimony to rebut these opinions. We conclude that substantial evidence supports the circuit court's ruling of competency to stand trial.

For his third point, Mitchell, who is black, argues that the makeup of the jury venire did not represent a fair cross section of the community. To support his contention, he points to the fact that when the circuit clerk first called 224 jurors for the venire only 35 reported, and when the clerk followed this with a call of 112 jurors, only 26 reported. In his motion to the circuit court, defense counsel emphasized that the venire contained only 3 or 4 black jurors which was disproportionately low for the racial makeup of Conway County where Union Chapel is located.

The State maintained that the venire was randomly selected from the voter registration list, but defense counsel countered:

I know how that system works, but when they write in they have work hardships, illnesses, don't answer or respond to their letters, then it's not a random selection, it gets to be very selective because it boils down to just a few people that (sic) are interested enough in our system of government and our judicial system to serve on a jury.

The circuit court then called the circuit clerk, Carolyn Gadberry, who testified that there was no way to tell the racial makeup of the venire called from a voter list. The circuit court denied the motion to quash the venire.

Mitchell had the burden of proving the systematic exclusion of members of his racial group from the venire. Biggers v. State, 317 Ark. 414, 878 S.W.2d 717 (1994); Walker v. State, 314 Ark. 628, 864 S.W.2d 230 (1993); Walton v. State, 279 Ark. 193, 650 S.W.2d 231 (1983). To make a prima facie showing of systematic exclusion, he had to establish (1) the group allegedly excluded was a distinctive group in the community; (2) the representation of this group in the venire was not fair and reasonable in relation to the number of such persons in the community; and (3) the under representation was due to systematic exclusion. Sanders v. State, 300 Ark. 25, 776 S.W.2d 334 (1989). Only after he made his prima facie case by establishing these three elements could the burden shift to the State to justify its procedure. Sanders v. State, supra. When the jury venire is drawn by random selection, the mere showing that it is not representative of the racial composition of the population will not make a prima facie showing of racial discrimination. Cleveland v. State, 315 Ark. 91, 865 S.W.2d 285 (1993); Thomas v. State, 289 Ark. 72, 709 S.W.2d 83 (1986).

In the instant case, there was no dispute that blacks represented a distinctive group in the community. However, Mitchell did not establish the second and third elements of the Sanders test. He failed to offer statistical proof of the racial composition of the community or of the venire. Furthermore, he completely failed to offer...