Moreno v. State

• Decision Date: 15 September 1976
• Docket Number: No. 51769,51769
• Parties: Jerry Carlo MORENO, Appellant, v. The STATE of Texas, Appellee.
• Court: Texas Court of Criminal Appeals

Page 170

541 S.W.2d 170

Jerry Carlo MORENO, Appellant, v. The STATE of Texas, Appellee.

No. 51769.

Court of Criminal Appeals of Texas.

Sept. 15, 1976.

Charles W. Tessmer and Ronald L. Goranson, Dallas (on appeal only), for appellant.

Henry Wade, Dist. Atty., and W. T. Westmoreland, Jr., Jim Burnham and Bob Hinton, Asst. Dist. Attys., Dallas, Jim D. Vollers, State's Atty., and David S. McAngus, Asst. State's Atty., Austin, for the State.

OPINION

ROBERTS, Judge.

This is an appeal from a conviction for aggravated assault. The jury returned a finding of guilty on the primary offense and true on the enhancement paragraphs. The trial court assessed punishment at life.

Michael D. Edwards testified that he was the assistant manager of a grocery store. At about 6:10 p.m. on July 5, 1974, he observed two girls with big shoulder purses get out of a 1964 Chevrolet and enter the store. He observed them go up to the meat counter and put several packages in their bags. As the two girls were in the act of departing from the store without paying for the meat, Edwards took each girl by the arm and escorted them to a back room, where he left them with Barry Baker, another employee. In then went to make sure that the police had been called.

Edwards' attention was then attracted by a disturbance; he turned and saw the appellant and the two women running down the produce aisle and out the side door of the grocery store. Edwards gave chase. The appellant produced a pistol and leveled it at Edwards. Edwards attempted to stop but slipped and fell. Edwards testified that at this point he thought the appellant fired a shot, but was not sure because he was scared. Edwards then got up and continued the chase, during which appellant again pointed the gun at Edwards. The appellant then ran into a little creekbed nearby. Edwards testified that he heard another shot go off from down in the creekbed and saw the bullet strike the dirt and the dirt fly up. Edwards then called to the appellant, saying give up, the police are on the way, whereupon the appellant threw the pistol into the creek. The water in the creek was neck deep and, although a search was conducted, the pistol was never recovered.

The above testimony was corroborated by Barry Baker, Mark Allred, and Tom Cantu, other employees of the grocery store. Baker, who was a grocery clerk at the time of the alleged offense, also testified that he was with the women in the back room where Edwards had left them after initially apprehending them. He stated that as the women were taking the meat from their bags and placing it on a table, the appellant and another man entered the back room. The other man produced a pistol and the appellant said words to the effect, 'Let these girls go, we're going.' Baker permitted the group to leave, and this was when Edwards saw them fleeing down the produce aisle.

By his first ground of error, appellant complains of the trial court's failure to instruct the jury to disregard what appellant contends to be improper argument of the prosecutor. This occurred when the prosecutor argued that 'This was nothing but a band of thieves that he's (the appellant) directed out there and these are nothing but professional shoplifters.' The appellant's objection was sustained, but the trial court refused to instruct the jury to disregard the argument. An exception was taken.

While we do not look favorably upon the prosecutor's argument, we are of the opinion that no reversible error has been shown. The appellant contends that the effect of the argument was to get the jury to find the appellant guilty for collateral crimes which the prosecutor injected into the case by way of jury argument. We disagree. Cf. Cazares v. State, 488 S.W.2d 110, 112 (Tex.Cr.App.1973); Rodriquez v. State, 520 S.W.2d 778, 780 (Tex.Cr.App.1975).

By his second and third grounds of error, appellant complains of the failure of the trial court to charge the jury as to the law of assault. Although both appellant and the State have briefed the point on whether the evidence justified the instruction on the lesser included offense of assault, a decision on this matter is unnecessary because an instruction was given. However, appellant also contends that the instruction was defective in that it denominated the lesser and included offense by its punishment--classification and not by its statutory name. The law of assault was defined to the jury, but the trial court went on to charge that 'if . . . you have a reasonable doubt as to whether the defendant used a deadly weapon, to wit, a pistol, then you will find the defendant guilty of a class C misdemeanor.' The instruction also provided a place for the jury to return a verdict of guilty of a 'class C misdemeanor.'

This is an improper way to charge the jury. It tends to confuse the jury at the guilt or innocence stage by impliedly injecting information regarding punishment and allows the prosecution additional leverage in its jury argument. ¹ The proper way to charge the jury would be to denominate the lesser included offense by its statutory name. See, Tex. Crim. Pattern Jury Charges, Sec. 22.02(a)(3), p. 213. However, this Court has repeatedly held that, although the inclusion of information regarding punishment in the charge at the guilt-innocence stage is improper, the error is not such as to require reversal. Staggs v. State, 503 S.W.2d 587, 588 (Tex.Cr.App.1974).

By his next ground of error, appellant complains that the trial court's charge was fundamentally defective in that it allowed a conviction for an offense different than the one charged in the indictment. The indictment alleges that the accused '. . . did then and there unlawfully knowingly And intentionally use a deadly weapon, to wit: a pistol, and did then and there intentionally and knowingly threaten Michael D. Edwards with imminent bodily injury by the use of said deadly weapon.' (Emphasis added). The appellant contends that the trial court's charge permitted a conviction if the accused '. . . intentionally or knowingly . . .' committed the offense. We have examined the court's charge and find that with regard to the threat of imminent bodily injury, the charge follows the language of the indictment: 'intentionally and knowingly,' not as appellant contends in his brief, 'intentionally or knowingly.' However, with regard to the use of the deadly weapon, the indictment alleges 'knowingly and intentionally' while the court charges 'intentionally or knowingly.'

We are of the opinion that the charge was not fundamentally erroneous. It followed the language of the indictment with regard to the culpable mental state in the threatening of imminent bodily injury. No objection was made to the charge with regard to the culpable mental state in the use of the deadly weapon. Nothing is presented for review. See, ...