Nylander v. Potter

• Decision Date: 11 July 1996
• Citation: 423 Mass. 158,667 N.E.2d 244
• Parties: E. David NYLANDER & others 1 v. Barbara POTTER.
• Court: United States State Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts Supreme Court

Page 244

667 N.E.2d 244

423 Mass. 158

E. David NYLANDER & others ¹ v. Barbara POTTER.

Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts,

Franklin.

Argued March 5, 1996.

Decided July 11, 1996.

Wendy Sibbison, Greenfield, for plaintiffs.

William V. Hovey, Boston, for defendant.

The following submitted briefs for amici curiae:

Jeffrey M. Bernstein & Elisabeth C. Goodman, Boston, for Massachusetts Audubon Society, Inc.

F. Sydney Smithers & Gordon H. Piper, Boston, for Massachusetts Conveyancers Association, Inc., & another.

Michael Pill, Shutesbury, for Franklin County Bar Association.

Before LIACOS, C.J., and WILKINS, ABRAMS, LYNCH and GREANEY, JJ.

ABRAMS, Justice.

The plaintiffs (Nylanders) appealed from that portion of a judgment entered in the Superior Court declaring that the defendant Barbara Potter, ² and other abutters have a right to use a portion of Bachellor Road, a former town road, owned by the Nylanders and running through the Nylander property. The Appeals Court affirmed the judgment of the Superior Court. Nylander v. Potter, 38 Mass.App.Ct. 605, 650 N.E.2d 803 (1995). We granted the Nylanders' application for further appellate review and now reverse. ³

We briefly recite the facts. The Nylanders and Potter each own land in the town of Warwick, bordering Bachellor Road. Bachellor Road runs north and south from a point of the easterly side of Hastings Heights Road through the property owned by the Nylanders (one hundred feet), then acting as the border between the Potter property and properties owned by the Nylanders (788 feet) and other owners, and continuing north until it crosses Athol Road. ⁴ The parties dispute their rights in the one hundred foot portion of Bachellor Road bordered on both sides by Nylander property and in the western half of the 788-foot portion bordered on the west by Nylander property and on the east by Potter property (the Nylander stretch).

Bachellor Road was a town road until a vote of discontinuance in March, 1879. ⁵ It has existed in substantially the same location and condition since at least 1793. It has been described in deeds in the Nylander chain of title back as far as April, 1837, and the Potter chain of title as far back as 1793. Currently, Bachellor Road is unimproved, rutted, and overgrown.

The Nylanders obtained their land to the east of Bachellor Road by inheritance from their father and their land to the west by direct conveyance in 1982. Potter acquired title to her property by direct conveyance in 1987. In July, 1988, Potter obtained a building permit to construct a residence on her property. The board of selectman of Warwick also granted Potter permission to place two utility poles on Bachellor Road. Potter placed one of the utility poles on the disputed 100-foot stretch of Bachellor Road bordered on both sides by the Nylanders' property. Potter and her friend, Russell Fellows, also accessed Potter's property by passing over the disputed stretches of Bachellor Road with heavy equipment for construction. They continued to travel over this portion of Bachellor Road after the Nylanders put up "no trespassing" signs and snow fences blocking access.

In 1989, the Nylanders filed a complaint seeking to enjoin Potter from travelling over the Nylander stretch of Bachellor Road and to order Potter to remove the utility pole and enjoin her from placing further utility lines and poles on this disputed portion of Bachellor Road. Potter counterclaimed seeking a declaratory judgment that she has the right to use the Nylander stretch of Bachellor Road for ingress and egress to her property and to place utility poles there. She also sought damages. The Superior Court ruled that Potter and other nonparty abutters had the right to use the Nylander stretch of Bachellor Road for access to their property. The judge, however, denied Potter the right to place utility poles on the disputed portion of the road. No damages were awarded. Both parties appealed. The Appeals Court affirmed the decision of the Superior Court, deciding that, as an abutter, Potter, on discontinuance of Bachellor Road as a public right, had an easement to travel over the entirety of Bachellor Road from Hastings Heights Road to Athol Road. The Nylanders sought further appellate review. ⁶ We now reverse.

When the town of Warwick discontinued Bachellor Road as a town road, the landowners abutting the road had full ownership interest in the roadbed. ⁷ Wright v. Walcott, 238 Mass. 432, 436, 131 N.E. 291 (1921). Perley v. Chandler, 6 Mass. 454, 456 (1810). See Opinion of the Justices, 297 Mass. 559, 562, 8 N.E.2d 179 (1937). The Nylanders, therefore, own the disputed one hundred-foot stretch of Bachellor Road bordered on both sides by their property and the western half of the next 788 feet. ⁸ The Appeals Court, after recognizing the Nylanders' ownership rights, nevertheless concluded, "Although discontinuance of a public way terminates the public easement of travel, ... the discontinuance does not terminate the private easement of travel which abutters enjoy.... [W]hen the town discontinued Bachellor Road as a town road, the abutters retained their private easement of travel over the road to and from their property." 38 Mass.App.Ct. at 609, 650 N.E.2d 803. We disagree and conclude that Potter does not have an easement to travel over the Nylander stretch of Bachellor Road. We reject both the Appeals Court's theory of a so-called "abutter's easement" and the Superior Court's theory of a "public access" private way as contrary to settled Massachusetts law.

The uncontroverted evidence establishes that the Nylander and Potter properties have always been separate and distinct parcels. Title in the two properties has never merged. Without previous common ownership, Potter cannot claim an easement by necessity. ⁹ See Uliasz v. Gillette, 357 Mass. 96, 102-103, 256 N.E.2d 290 (1970); Patel v. Planning Bd. of N. Andover, 27 Mass.App.Ct. 477, 481-482, 539 N.E.2d 544 (1989). Cf. Teal v. Jagielo, 327 Mass. 156, 157, 97 N.E.2d 421 (1951) (where common grantor conveyed one of two adjoining parcels as bounded by road and expressly including all rights the grantor had in the road, defendant [who claims under the same grantor] is estopped from denying that plaintiffs have an easement in road); Frawley v. Forrest, 310 Mass. 446, 451, 38 N.E.2d 631 (1941) (easement by implication where grantor conveys land as bounded by street or way owned by grantor); Farnsworth v. Taylor, 75 Mass. 162, 9 Gray 162 (1858); Alden v. Murdock, 13 Mass. 256 (1816). The record discloses no conduct by the Nylanders or their predecessors in title that would warrant an easement by estoppel.

There is no claim of an express easement by grant and Potter's claim of easement by prescription was unsupported by the evidence and was properly rejected by the Superior Court. Because the above listed methods are the only means recognized in Massachusetts in creating an easement of access, see Silverleib v. Hebshie, 33 Mass.App.Ct. 911, 596 N.E.2d 401 (1992), we conclude that Potter holds no private easement which survived discontinuance of Bachellor Road as a public way. ¹⁰ Cf. Rexroat v. Thorell, 89 Ill.2d 221, 228-229, 60 Ill.Dec. 438, 433 N.E.2d 235 cert. denied, 459 U.S. 837, 103 S.Ct. 83, 74 L.Ed.2d 79 (1982) (majority of other States hold that private easement which existed prior to abandonment of public way survives; otherwise, easement only implied if reasonably necessary for means of ingress or egress). We believe that sound public policy supports this result because an easement founded solely on the fact that land abuts a former public way would leave no indication in the public records and could prove disruptive to the title examination systems of this Commonwealth. The Massachusetts caselaw relied on by the Appeals Court, Nylander v. Potter, supra at 609, 650 N.E.2d 803, is inapposite to our holding. Both Wenton v. Commonwealth, 335 Mass. 78, 80, 138 N.E.2d 609 (1956), and Anzalone v. Metropolitan Dist. Comm'n, 257 Mass. 32, 36, 153 N.E. 325 (1926), involved abutting landowners' rights in a public road that remained public.

This matter is remanded to the Superior Court where a judgment shall enter declaring that the Nylanders own the disputed 100-foot stretch and Potter has no right to travel over the Nylanders' stretch of road.

So ordered.

APPENDIX

NOTE: OPINION CONTAINS TABLE OR OTHER DATA THAT IS NOT VIEWABLE

1 J. Lance Nylander and Janet Nylander.

2 Russell Fellows, a friend of the defendant Potter, also is named as a defendant in the case. Fellows does not own any of the land involved in the dispute. For simplicity, we refer to a single defendant. See Nylander v. Potter, 38 Mass.App.Ct. 605, 605 n. 2, 650 N.E.2d 803 (1995).

3 We acknowledge, with appreciation, the amicus briefs submitted by the Franklin County Bar Association; Massachusetts Conveyancers Association, Inc., and the Abstract Club; and the Massachusetts Audubon Society.

4 An outline plan of the locus appears as an appendix to this opinion.

5 Potter argued below, and again argues to this court, that Bachellor Road was never accepted by town meeting vote nor dedicated to the public and therefore always was a private way. The Superior Court rejected this claim, and determined that Bachellor Road was public until it was discontinued in 1879. The record does not support Potter's claim that the judge's determination on this issue was clearly erroneous. "[A] finding of fact by the trial judge will not be deemed ...