Nylander v. Potter

• Decision Date: 11 July 1995
• Docket Number: No. 93-P-971,93-P-971
• Citation: 650 N.E.2d 803,38 Mass.App.Ct. 605
• Court: Appeals Court of Massachusetts
• Parties: E. David NYLANDER & others 1 v. Barbara POTTER & another. 2

Page 803

650 N.E.2d 803

38 Mass.App.Ct. 605

E. David NYLANDER & others ¹ v. Barbara POTTER & another. ² No. 93-P-971.

Appeals Court of Massachusetts Franklin.

Argued May 16, 1994.

Decided May 26, 1995.

Further Appellate Review Granted

July 11, 1995.

Wendy Sibbison, for plaintiffs.

Raymond R. Randall, for defendants.

Before SMITH, PORADA and LAURENCE, JJ.

SMITH, Justice.

This is an appeal by the plaintiffs, E. David Nylander, J. Lance Nylander, and Janet Nylander, from that portion of a judgment entered in the Superior Court declaring that the defendant Barbara Potter and other abutters have a right to use Bachellor Road, a former town road, for access to their property, including a portion of the road which runs through Nylanders' property. Potter has filed a cross appeal to that portion of the judgment which enjoins her from placing utility poles on the road.

In September, 1989, the Nylanders filed a complaint (later an amended complaint) in the Superior Court in Franklin County seeking (1) to enjoin Potter from trespassing on that part of Bachellor Road which runs through the Nylanders' property and (2) to order Potter to remove a utility pole which Potter caused to be placed on Bachellor Road and enjoin her from placing any further utility lines and poles on the Nylanders' property.

Potter filed an answer to the Nylanders' complaint and in a counterclaim sought (1) a declaratory judgment that she has the right to use the Nylanders' portion of Bachellor Road for ingress and egress and to place utility poles on the Nylanders' property and (2) damages.

The matter was heard by a judge, sitting without jury. After the trial, the judge filed a memorandum of decision that contained his findings of fact, rulings of law, and order for judgment. We summarize the facts found by the judge.

The Nylanders and Potter own land which abuts both the easterly and westerly sides of Bachellor Road in the town of Warwick (town). In March 1879, the town voted to discontinue Bachellor Road as a town road. ³

Bachellor Road runs approximately north and south from a point on the easterly line of Hastings Heights Road to a point on the southerly line of the Athol Road in the town. Its present condition is unimproved, rutted, and overgrown, with rocks and outcroppings that make it almost impossible for vehicle travel at some locations.

Bachellor Road existed where it is at present in November, 1793, when Joshua Dean granted the property, formerly known as "Bachellor Farm" (now Potter), to Samuel Fay. The road has been variously described in deeds in the Potter chain of title as "an ancient road known as Bachellor Road," as a "town road" and as a lane and bridle road. The "Bachellor Road" has been described by that term in deeds in the Nylander chain of title as far back as April 1, 1837.

The Nylanders' property abuts both sides of Bachellor Road for approximately 100 feet as the road runs off Hastings Heights Road. The next approximately 788 feet is bounded by the Nylanders' property on the west and Potter's land on the east. ⁴ The Potter land continues as the easterly boundary of the road to Athol Road. The remainder of the westerly boundary of the road includes various owners, Potter among them, before reaching Athol Road. ⁵

In July of 1988, Potter obtained a building permit to construct a house on her property. She also requested a permit from the board of selectmen of Warwick to place two utility poles on Bachellor Road to provide her new home with electric and telephone service. She was granted the permit, and two poles were put in place, one of which is located within the 100 foot section of Bachellor Road which is abutted on both sides by the Nylanders' property.

A friend of Potter, one Fellows (see note 2), began aiding Potter in the construction of her house. Both Potter and Fellows entered Potter's property by passing over the contested 100-foot strip. Trucks engaged in the construction of Potter's house passed over the same portion of Bachellor Road. As a result, the Nylanders put up snow fences blocking the road and posted no trespassing signs. The fences were removed by Fellows, and this action followed.

Based on his findings, the judge ruled that once Bachellor Road was discontinued as a town road, title to the roadbed passed to the landowners abutting the road. Therefore, the Nylanders are the owners of the disputed stretch. The judge further ruled, however, that when Bachellor Road was discontinued it became a "public access" private way which gave Potter the right to use the road for purposes of ingress and egress to and from her property. The judge characterized Potter's right to use Bachellor Road as an easement to travel. The easement, however, did not include the installation of utility poles in the disputed stretch. Neither side was awarded damages.

On appeal, the Nylanders argue, among other things, that discontinuance of a public way does not create a "public access" private way. We do not reach that argument because we hold that, in the circumstances present here, the judge properly ruled that Potter had an easement of travel over Bachellor Road because she was an abutter.

We start our analysis by noting that Bachellor Road was a public way when it was discontinued by the town. ⁶ Abutters to a public way "ordinarily hold the title to the fee to the center of the public way, subject only to the easement of travellers to pass and repass." Opinion of the Justices, 297 Mass. 559, 562, 8 N.E.2d 179 (1937). See also Perley v. Chandler, 6 Mass. 454, 456 (1810) ("By the location of a way over the land of any person, the public have acquired an easement....") Once the public road is discontinued, however, the public easement to travel over the road is terminated and the abutter "hold[s] the land free from the [public easement]." Perley v. Chandler, supra. Here, because the Nylanders' predecessors in title owned land on both sides of the disputed stretch, the Nylanders own the entire roadbed.

Our inquiry, however, does not end here. Abutting owners to a public way share with all other citizens an easement of travel over the public way. See 39A C.J.S. Highways § 141 (1976). However, in addition to their public easement of travel, abutters by virtue of their ownership of property that abuts a public way have a private easement of travel in order to have access to their property. "Access to a public way is one of the incidents of ownership of land bounding thereon, and this right is appurtenant to the land...." Wenton v. Commonwealth, 335 Mass. 78, 80, 138 N.E.2d 609 (1956), quoting from Anzalone v. Metropolitan Dist. Commn., 257 Mass. 32, 36, 153 N.E. 325 (1926). See also MacLean v. Parkwood, Inc., 354 F.2d 770, 773 (1st Cir.1966) (an easement of access is the right which an abutting owner has of ingress and egress to his property).

Although discontinuance of a public way terminates the public easement of travel, we hold that the discontinuance...