Ohio Cas. Ins. Co. v. Continental Cas. Co.

• Decision Date: 22 August 2003
• Docket Number: No. 02-81114-CIV.,02-81114-CIV.
• Citation: 279 F.Supp.2d 1281
• Parties: OHIO CASUALTY INSURANCE COMPANY, Plaintiff, v. CONTINENTAL CASUALTY COMPANY and Federal Insurance Company, Defendants.
• Court: U.S. District Court — Southern District of Florida

Page 1281

279 F.Supp.2d 1281

OHIO CASUALTY INSURANCE COMPANY, Plaintiff, v. CONTINENTAL CASUALTY COMPANY and Federal Insurance Company, Defendants.

No. 02-81114-CIV.

United States District Court, S.D. Florida.

August 22, 2003.

Robert David Moses, Gordon Robert Leech, Wiederhold, Moses & Rubin, West Palm Beach, FL, for Plaintiff.

Eugene Hartman Brandt, Eric Arnold Peterson, Howard William Holden, Peterson Bernard Vandenberg Zei, Geisler & Martin, West Palm Beach, FL, Jean Anne Kneale, John Robert Anderson, Hicks & Kneale, Miami, FL, for Defendants.

ORDER GRANTING DEFENDANTS' MOTIONS TO DISMISS

RYSKAMP, District Judge.

THIS CAUSE comes before the Court pursuant to Defendant Federal Insurance Company's ("Federal") Motion to Dismiss the Amended Complaint, filed May 5, 2003 [DE 50] and Defendant Continental Casualty Company's ("CNA") and Motion to Dismiss the Amended Complaint, filed May 22, 2003 [DE 53]. Plaintiff Ohio Casualty Insurance Company ("Ohio") responded to Federal's Motion on May 29, 2003 [DE 54], and Federal replied on June 16, 2003 [DE 63]. Ohio responded to CNA's Motion on June 19, 2003 [DE 65]. CNA filed no reply. These motions are ripe for adjudication.

I. BACKGROUND

This action is a dispute among insurance companies arising from a January 3, 2001 car accident in Boynton Beach, Florida on a roadway owned and maintained by the Hunter's Run Property Owner's Association, Inc. ("Hunter's Run"). On the date in question, Priyesh Parbhoo was operating a Hunter's Run-owned vehicle on the roadway and was involved in a single car accident. (Am.Compl.¶ 6, Ex. A.¶¶ 7-8.) Parbhoo's passenger, Marcela Jaramillo, died in the accident. (Am.Compl.¶ 6, Ex. A.¶ 7, 10.)

Jaramillo's personal representative filed suit in state court alleging that Hunter's Run owned the vehicle involved in the accident, was negligent in allowing the roadway to remain in a dangerous and defective condition, and that Parhboo operated the vehicle in a negligent manner. (Ex. A.¶ 6, 9.) Ohio and Everest National Insurance Company ("Everest"), two of Hunter's Run's insurers, reached a $2.8 million dollar settlement, of which Everest paid $1 million and Ohio paid $1.8 million. CNA and Federal also insured Hunter's Run. CNA's commercial umbrella insurance policy provided liability coverage, whereas Federal's commercial umbrella policy provided additional primary and excess coverage over CNA's policy. CNA and Federal neither participated in settlement negotiations nor contributed to payment of the settlement.

Ohio, believing that CNA and Federal should have participated in settlement negotiations and paid a portion of the settlement, filed the instant action. Ohio alleges that equity, as well as the terms of the CNA and Federal policies, require indemnification, contribution and subrogation of Hunter's Run and Ohio Casualty.¹ CNA and Federal have moved to dismiss, arguing that they were not obligated to pay a portion of the settlement because their policies expressly exclude coverage for injuries resulting from automobiles.

II. LEGAL STANDARD ON MOTIONS TO DISMISS

Rule 8(a) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure requires a "short and plain statement of the claim" that "will give the defendant fair notice of what the plaintiff's claim is and the ground upon which it rests." When examining a motion to dismiss, this Court considers whether the plaintiff has alleged facts sufficient to state a claim for relief. A motion to dismiss should not be granted unless the plaintiff can prove no set of facts in support of its claim entitling it to relief. Conley v. Gibson, 355 U.S. 41, 45-46, 78 S.Ct. 99, 2 L.Ed.2d 80 (1957). When reviewing a motion to dismiss, "the Court primarily considers the allegations in the complaint, although matters of public record, orders, items appearing in the record of the case, and exhibits attached to the complaint, also may be taken into account." Watson v. Bally Mfg. Corp., 844 F.Supp. 1533, 1535 n. 1 (S.D.Fla.1993), aff'd, 84 F.3d 438 (11th Cir.1996) (quoting 5A Charles A. Wright and Arthur R. Miller, Federal Practice and Procedure § 37 (1990)). "When considering a motion to dismiss, all facts set forth in the plaintiff's complaint `are to be accepted as true and the court limits its consideration to the pleadings and exhibits attached thereto.'" Grossman v. Nationsbank, 225 F.3d 1228, 1231 (11th Cir.2000) (quoting GSW, Inc. v. Long County, 999 F.2d 1508, 1510 (11th Cir. 1993)).

III. DISCUSSION

CNA and Federal claim that they have no liability for the accident because their policies exclude coverage for injuries resulting from automobiles. CNA's policy excludes coverage for injuries "arising out of the ownership, maintenance, use or entrustment to others of any aircraft, (auto) or water craft owned or operated or rented or loaned to any insured." Federal's policy consists of two sets of coverage: Coverage A and Coverage B. Coverage A provides coverage for "that part of loss covered by this insurance in excess of the total applicable limits of the underlying insurance." Federal's Coverage A also states that "if the underlying insurance does not cover loss...then we will not cover such loss." Federal's Coverage B explicitly excludes coverage for "any liability arising out of the ownership, maintenance, use, loading or unloading, or entrustment to others of autos...."

Exclusionary clauses, generally considered contrary to the protective purpose of insurance, are construed narrowly against the insurer. Hrynkiw v. Allstate Floridian Ins. Co., 844 So.2d 739, 741 (Fla. 5th DCA 2003). In the absence of ambiguity in the policy language, however, rules of construction are unnecessary and courts will apply the plain language of the policy. National Indemnity Co. v. Corbo, 248 So.2d 238, 241 (Fla. 3d DCA 1971). See also Riveroll v. Winterthur Int'l Ltd., 787 So.2d 891, 892 (Fla. 3d DCA 2001) (unambiguous policy language is to be construed according to its plain meaning). The policy language is to be interpreted according to its "everyday meaning" as it is "understandable to a layperson." Hrynkiw, 844 So.2d at 741. With respect to auto exclusions, "[t]he use to which the vehicle was being put at the time of the injury governs the applicability of the exclusion." Cesarini v. American Druggist Ins. Co., 463 So.2d 451, 452 (Fla. 2d DCA 1985).

Ohio argues that the language "arising out of" is ambiguous. Ohio claims that the alleged negligently maintained roadway was sufficient, in and of itself, to cause the accident. According to Ohio, it is a question of fact whether the accident stemmed solely from the road conditions or whether the accident stemmed from the road conditions and the driver's alleged negligence. If the accident resulted solely from the road conditions such that a non-negligent driver would have experienced the same difficulties as Parhboo, the policies' automobile exclusions would not apply.

Ohio's argument is not persuasive. As an initial matter, the Court notes that the language "arising out of" is not ambiguous. Courts have defined the language "arising out of" as "broad, general, and comprehensive terms effecting broad coverage... `Arising out of are words of much broader significance then [sic] `caused by.' They are ordinarily understood to mean `originating from,' `having its origin in,' `growing out of' or `flowing from,' or in short, `incident to or having connection with,' the use of the car." National Indemnity, 248 So.2d at 240 (quoting Red Ball Motor Freight v. Employers Mut. Liability Ins. Co., 189 F.2d 374, 378 (1951)). See also Hagen v. Aetna Casualty & Surety Co., 675 So.2d 963, 965-66 (Fla. 5th DCA 1996) (policy excluding coverage for injuries "arising out of the ... operation, use ... of any automobile ... operated by ... the insured" is not ambiguous in that it "clearly excludes injuries arising out of the use of a vehicle.") The plain language of the policies in the instant case is unambiguous. The conditions of the roadway aside, the accident was "connected" to the use of a vehicle in that it would not have occurred but for the use of the vehicle. Since the accident "arose from" the use of an automobile, the exclusions therefore apply to absolve CNA and Federal of any liability for contributing to the settlement payment.

Ohio attempts to circumvent the automobile exclusion clauses by invoking the concurrent cause doctrine. This doctrine allows recovery if the loss stems from multiple causes provided that one of the causes is an insured risk. American Surety, 788 So.2d at 1099. Ohio claims that Hunter's Run's alleged negligent maintenance of the roadway was itself sufficient to cause the accident. Since the policies contain no exclusions for negligently maintained roadways, the automobile exclusions are inapplicable. This argument is also unavailing because the concurrent cause doctrine only applies when the multiple causes of an injury are independent, involving separate and distinct risks. Id. Such is not the case here. Since the loss would not have occurred but for the use of the motor vehicle, Ohio is precluded from resorting to the concurrent cause doctrine.

Florida courts examining this issue have reached similar conclusions. In Atkins v. Bellefonte Ins. Co., 342 So.2d 837 (Fla. 3d DCA 1977), plaintiff's car was struck by a car owned by a school and operated by a school employee. Plaintiff alleged that the employee was returning to the school with an escaped minor and that the minor's conduct contributed to the accident. Id. at 837. At issue was whether the insurance policy, which excluded coverage for injuries resulting from "the ownership, maintenance, operation, use, loading or unloading of any motor vehicle, trailer, watercraft or aircraft," barred Plaintiff's claim. Id. at 837-38. Plaintiff alleged that the policy provided coverage for his injuries because the exclusionary clause was limited to injuries arising from the operation of automobiles, whereas his injuries...