Olson v. Hansen

• Decision Date: 22 March 1974
• Docket Number: No. 44185,44185
• Citation: 299 Minn. 39,216 N.W.2d 124
• Parties: Carolyn V. OLSON, Appellant, v. Jack C. HANSEN, Respondent.
• Court: Minnesota Supreme Court

Page 124

216 N.W.2d 124

299 Minn. 39

Carolyn V. OLSON, Appellant, v. Jack C. HANSEN, Respondent.

No. 44185.

Supreme Court of Minnesota.

March 22, 1974.

Syllabus by the Court

1. Where undisputed evidence shows that plaintiff-passenger, a novice snowmobiler, followed all of defendant-driver's instructions during the period immediately preceding the accident, the jury's finding attributing to plaintiff 50 percent of the negligence causing the accident cannot stand.

2. The incidental risks associated with snowmobiling are not so well known as to require the application of the doctrine of primary assumption of risk to snowmobile passengers.

3. Where plaintiff had no knowledge of the danger being encountered, either through warning or prior experience, she could not have assumed the risk of her injuries.

Coulter, Nelson & Sullivan, V. Owen Nelson, and George A. Beck, Minneapolis, for appellant.

Murnane, Murnane, Battis & Conlin and Thomas M. Conlin, St. Paul, for respondent.

Heard before KNUTSON, C.J., and PETERSON, TODD, and YETKA, JJ., and considered and decided by the court.

TODD, Justice.

Plaintiff, Carolyn V. Olson, appeals from an order denying her motion to set aside certain findings of a special verdict and to enter judgment notwithstanding the verdict, or, in the alternative, to grant a new trial, and from the judgment entered in favor of defendant, Jack C. Hansen. Plaintiff's claim for damages arose out of a single vehicle snowmobile accident. In response to special interrogatories, the jury attributed 50 percent of the negligence causing the accident to each party. The trial court entered judgment for defendant. We reverse.

The facts of this case are not disputed. The accident occurred on March 15, 1969, on Big Island in Lake Minnetonka. Defendant had invited plaintiff to be his guest for an afternoon of snowmobiling with Dennis and GeorgeAnn Kilbane. After meeting at Tonka Bay Boat Works and stopping briefly at the Kilbanes' summer home on Big Island, the parties set out to view the sights of the island with the Kilbanes leading and acting as guides.

The Kilbanes, on a larger snowmobile and traveling much faster than the parties, disappeared from sight over the crest of a hill. The parties reached the hill and proceeded to traverse it. As they traversed the hillside, the snowmobile exhibited a tendency to roll. Defendant assumed a semi-standing position in order to see the direction the Kilbanes had gone and to stabilize the machine. He cautioned plaintiff to lean with him, and as he leaned into the hill, she also leaned in that direction. Suddenly the machine rolled to the right and downhill. Defendant was thrown from the driver's position on the machine and rolled some 15 to 20 feet down the hill. Plaintiff attempted to throw herself clear of the machine, but the snowmobile landed on the inner side of her right leg.

Neither plaintiff nor defendant considered her injury to be anything more serious than a bruise. Assuming that it would soon go away, plaintiff did not seek medical assistance until 12 days later.

Plaintiff's condition was diagnosed as deep vein thrombophlebitis. In the opinion of a physician who examined and treated plaintiff and who diagnosed the injury, the phlebitis was a result of the snowmobile accident. Plaintiff presently suffers from a post-phlebitic syndrome.

Before the accident, plaintiff had only been on snowmobiles one or two occasions for very brief periods. Defendant, acquainted with plaintiff's inexperience, had previously instructed her as to the manner of holding on as a passenger and leaning into turns. Defendant had previously ridden this snowmobile about 10 times. Somewhat apprehensive of getting hurt, plaintiff exercised caution during the afternoon of the incident, twice admonishing defendant to be careful and not to proceed too fast.

Plaintiff offered no testimony as to the standard of care to be employed in the operation of a snowmobile. Mrs. Kilbane, an experienced snowmobiler, testified on cross-examination that traversing hills was a hazardous practice, as it increased the chances of tipping but that a snowmobile could safely go straight up a rather steep hill.

Defendant testified that prior to the incident he did not think the terrain was dangerous. He estimated that the side of the hill was approximately 15 degrees depressed from horizontal. However, after traversing the hill a short distance, he realized that the hill was too steep. He stated that he could have gone down the hill safely. At all times he had exclusive control in the selection of the path.

A special verdict was submitted to the jury covering the issues of the negligence of each party and whether such negligence contributed to cause the accident. The court had refused to instruct on assumption of risk. The jury found each party's negligence contributed 50 percent of cause the accident. The jury determined plaintiff's damages in the amount of $20,000.

As a part of the order denying plaintiff's post-trial motion, the trial court included the following memorandum:

'The decision of the Minnesota Supreme Court in Springrose v. Willmore (292) Minn. (23), 192 N.W.2d 826 (1971), determined that assumption of risk of the kind involved in the instant case was not to be submitted separately to the jury, but was to be regarded as a mere facet or phase of contributory negligence. That decision, however, was specifically made prospective only.

'In a case apparently identical with the case here under consideration, the Utah Supreme Court held that assumption of risk is not available as a defense under the circumstances of that case--and of the present case. Ujifusa v. National Housewares, Inc., 24 Utah 2d 219, (469 P.2d 7) 42 A.L.R.3d, 1417.

'This Court at the time of submitting the case to the jury was persuaded by Ujifusa and did not submit assumption of risk as a separate defense. Under the facts of the present case, it seems clear that there could have been no contributory negligence except in the form of an assumption of risk by plaintiff. The jury found negligence and causation in the case of both plaintiff and defendant, and apportioned that causative negligence at 50 percent of each. This may, indeed, seem like a prospective application of Springrose which would be impermissible because of the express prohibition of such set forth in that case.

'The Court is persuaded that the jury verdict was based on a finding of assumption of risk. Such a finding would, in any event, have been a bar to recovery by plaintiff. If, as seems unlikely, the jury finding of contributory negligence is based on some other act of plaintiff (such as, perhaps, her leaning towards the spill rather than towards the hill) the result would similarly be a bar to recovery. The Court, accordingly, is permitting the verdict to stand.' (Italics supplied.)

1. After carefully reviewing the record, transcript, and argument of counsel, we are in full agreement with the trial court and hold as a matter of law that there is no contributory negligence. There is not even a...