Orn v. Astrue

• Citation: 511 F.3d 1217
• Decision Date: 09 January 2008
• Docket Number: No. 05-16181.,05-16181.
• Parties: Leo ORN, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. Michael J. ASTRUE,<SMALL><SUP>*</SUP></SMALL> Commissioner of Social Security, Defendant-Appellee.
• Court: U.S. Court of Appeals — Ninth Circuit

511 F.3d 1217

Leo ORN, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. Michael J. ASTRUE,^* Commissioner of Social Security, Defendant-Appellee.

No. 05-16181.

United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit.

January 9, 2008.

Manuel D. Serpa, Esq., Santa Ana, CA, for Plaintiff-Appellant.

Kimberly Anne Gaab, Esq., Office of the U.S. Attorney, Fresno, CA, Maria V. Daquipa, Esq., Sarah Ryan, Esq., Social Security Administration, Office of the General Counsel, San Francisco, CA, for Defendant-Appellee.

Before: MARY M. SCHROEDER, STEPHEN S. TROTT and WILLIAM A. FLETCHER, Circuit Judges.

ORDER

On July 16, 2007, we issued an opinion reversing the Commissioner of Social Security's decision to deny Leo Orn social security disability benefits and remanded to the district court with instructions to remand to the Commissioner for calculation of benefits. Orn v. Astrue, 495 F.3d 625, 640 (9th Cir.2007). Orn filed a timely application in this court under the Equal Access to Justice Act ("EAJA" or "the Act") for attorney's fees and costs incurred in pursuing his appeal. The Commissioner opposed Orn's application, contending that this court does not have authority under the Act to award attorney's fees and costs. We disagree with the Commissioner.

EAJA provides, in relevant part:

Except as otherwise specifically provided by statute, a court shall award to a prevailing party other than the United States fees and other expenses, in addition to any costs awarded pursuant to subsection (a), incurred by that party in any civil action (other than in cases sounding in tort), including proceedings for judicial review of agency action, brought by or against the United States in any court having jurisdiction of that action, unless the court finds that the position of the United States was substantially justified or that special circumstances make an award unjust.

28 U.S.C. § 2412(d)(1)(A) (emphasis added). In addition, the Act provides that "a court may award reasonable fees and expenses of attorneys, in addition to . . . costs . . ., to the prevailing party in any civil action brought by or against . . . any agency or any official of the United States . . . in any court having jurisdiction of such action." § 2412(b); see also § 2412(a)(1) (costs). The Act does not define "court" beyond stating that the term "includes the United States Court of Federal Claims and the United States Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims." § 2412(d)(2)(F).

The Commissioner contends that the proper court in which to file an EAJA application is the district court, regardless of whether the attorney's fees and costs were incurred in the district court or on appeal. In support of his contention, the Commissioner quotes a statement by the Supreme Court in Pierce v. Underwood, 487 U.S. 552, 559, 108 S.Ct. 2541, 101 L.Ed.2d 490 (1988), that "the determination [of eligibility for EAJA fees] is for the district court to make." See also Corbin v. Apfel, 149 F.3d 1051, 1051-52 (9th Cir. 1998); Williams v. Bowen, 966 F.2d 1259, 1260-61 (9th Cir.1991); Pirus v. Bowen, 869 F.2d 536, 539 (9th Cir.1989); Kali v. Bowen, 854 F.2d 329, 330 (9th Cir.1988). However, in the cases cited by the Commissioner, including Underwood, the prevailing party moved in the district court for an award of fees. Thus it is natural (but not particularly significant) to state in such cases, as the Court did in Underwood, that the district court should determine the award. The Commissioner has cited no case in which a court has held, or even stated, that district courts have exclusive authority to award fees and costs under EAJA.

In a number of cases, courts of appeals have entertained applications for attorney's fees and costs, including applications under EAJA. See Hanrahan v. Hampton, 446 U.S. 754, 755-56, 100 S.Ct. 1987, 64 L.Ed.2d 670 (1980) (per curiam) (considering whether an appellate court was authorized under 42 U.S.C. § 1988 to award attorney's fees attributable to an appeal, and confining its analysis to whether the respondents qualified as prevailing parties under the terms of the statute); Hutto v. Finney, 437 U.S. 678, 693, 98 S.Ct. 2565, 57 L.Ed.2d 522 (1978) (considering whether an appellate court was authorized under § 1988 to order that petitioners pay an additional sum to the prevailing parties' counsel for services rendered on the appeal, and confining its analysis to whether the Arkansas Department of Corrections could be required to pay that sum under the Eleventh Amendment); Thangaraja v. Gonzales, 428 F.3d 870, 874-76 (9th Cir. 2005) (considering an EAJA motion for attorney's fees and determining on the merits and in the first instance whether the government's position was substantially justified); Cummings v. Connell, 402 F.3d 936, 947-48 (9th Cir.2005) (as amended) (holding that a request for appellate attorney's fees under § 1988 must be filed in the court of appeals, and reversing a district court award of appellate fees because the fee motion was filed in the district court); Pottgieser v. Kizer, 906 F.2d 1319, 1324 (9th Cir.1990) (holding that the government's litigation position was substantially justified and declining "to award [EAJA] fees for this appeal"); Se. Legal Def. Group v. Adams, 657 F.2d 1118, 1126 (9th Cir.1981) (considering whether plaintiffs were entitled under § 1988 to costs and attorney's fees expended in making the appeal); Perkins v. Standard Oil Co., 474 F.2d 549, 551 n. 2 (9th Cir.1973), vacated on other grounds, 399 U.S. 222, 90 S.Ct. 1989, 26 L.Ed.2d 534 (1970) (per curiam) (noting that previously in the litigation the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals had awarded fees under the Clayton Act for earlier appeals, and that those fees were not at issue in the appeal at hand); id. at 555 (awarding Perkins $1500 "for the services of his attorneys on this appeal"); cf. Yaron v. Twp. of Northampton, 963 F.2d 33, 34 (3d Cir.1992) ("Controlling precedent holds this Court can decide appellate attorney's fees applications under section 1988."); McCarthy v. Bowen, 824 F.2d 182, 183 (2d Cir.1987) (per curiam) (holding that "[a]n application for appellate fees under EAJA should . . . always be presented to the court of appeals").

The most obvious reading of EAJA is that a court of appeals may make an award of attorney's fees and costs. EAJA provides that "a court" shall award fees and expenses if the other requirements of the statute are fulfilled. When EAJA authorizes "a court" to award fees and costs incurred in "any civil action . . . brought by or against the United States in any court having jurisdiction of that action," the term "court" is not limited to the district court. § 2412(d)(1)(A). Further, the statute expressly includes in its definition of "court" two Article I courts, one of which, the Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims, is an appellate court. § 2412(d)(2)(F).

Our Circuit Rules are consistent with this reading of the Act. Ninth Circuit Rule 39-1 sets forth the procedures and rules for making requests for EAJA attorney's fees and costs:

Absent a statutory provision to the contrary, a request for attorneys fees, including a request for attorneys fees and expenses in administrative agency adjudications under 28 U.S.C. § 2412(d)(3), shall be filed with the Clerk, with proof of service, within 14 days from the expiration of the period within which a petition for rehearing or suggestion for rehearing en banc may be filed, unless a timely petition for rehearing or suggestion for rehearing en banc is filed. If a timely petition for rehearing or a suggestion for rehearing en banc is filed, a request for attorneys fees shall be filed within 14 days after the court's disposition of such petition or suggestion. The request must be filed separately from any cost bill.

A request for an award of attorneys fees must be supported by a memorandum showing that the party seeking fees is legally entitled to them and must be accompanied by Form 9 (appended to these rules) or a document that contains substantially the same information, along with: (a) a detailed itemization of the tasks performed [on] each date and the amount of time spent by each lawyer and paralegal on each task; (b) a showing that the hourly rates claimed are the prevailing rates in the relevant market; and (c) an affidavit attesting to the accuracy of the information submitted.

9th Cir. R. 39-1.6. This rule presumes that we may hear requests for EAJA fees and expenses in the first instance.

Further, in 1994 this court created the position of Appellate Commissioner, a magistrate-level judicial officer who, among other things, specializes in resolving contested fee issues:

When the court has awarded attorneys' fees on appeal or on application for extraordinary writ, and a party objects to the amount of attorneys' fees requested by the prevailing party, the court may refer to the Appellate Commissioner the determination of an appropriate amount of attorneys' fees. The court may direct the Appellate Commissioner to make a recommendation to the court or to issue an order awarding attorneys' fees. Any such order issued by the Appellate Commissioner is...