Parker v. Pidgeon

• Decision Date: 28 July 2015
• Docket Number: NO. 14–14–00899–CV, NO. 14–14–00932–CV,14–14–00899–CV
• Parties: Mayor Annise Parker and City of Houston, Appellants v. Jack Pidgeon and Larry Hicks, Appellees
• Court: Texas Court of Appeals

477 S.W.3d 353

Mayor Annise Parker and City of Houston, Appellants

v.Jack Pidgeon and Larry Hicks, Appellees

NO. 14–14–00899–CV

NO. 14–14–00932–CV

Court of Appeals of Texas, Houston (14th Dist.).

Opinion filed July 28, 2015

David L. Red, Darah L. Eckert, Judith Lee Ramsey, Kathleen Hopkins Alsina, Houston, TX, for appellant.

Jared R. Woodfill, Robert Talton, Houston, TX, Leif Alexander Olson, Humble, TX, Johnathan M. Saenz, Austin, TX, for appellee.

Panel consists of Justices Boyce, McCally, and Donovan.

PER CURIAM OPINION

PER CURIAM

Appellees Jack Pidgeon and Larry Hicks (collectively, Appellees) sued to enjoin Mayor Annise Parker and the City of Houston (collectively, the City) from providing employee benefits to the same-sex spouses of employees legally married in another state. Appellees relied on provisions of the Texas Constitution and Family Code banning recognition of same-sex marriage in Texas, declaring same-sex marriages against public policy and void, and prohibiting political subdivisions from giving effect to same-sex marriages from other states. See Tex. Const. art. I, § 32 ; Tex. Fam.Code § 6.204. The trial court signed a temporary injunction requested by the Appellees,¹ determining that:

4. Spending funds in that manner will recognize a union between two people of the same sex as a status identical to the Texas Constitution's definition of marriage. That expenditure is thus barred by the Texas Constitution.

5. Spending funds in that manner recognizes and validates a marriage between persons of the same sex. That expenditure is thus barred by the Family Code.

6. Spending funds in that manner gives effect to a right or claim to benefits asserted as the result of a marriage between persons of the same sex. That expenditure is thus barred by the Family Code.

7. Spending funds in that manner will furnish employment benefits to persons who are not an employee's legal spouse or dependent children. That expenditure is thus barred by the City's charter.

Thus, the trial court concluded that "[t]he City is prohibited from furnishing benefits to persons who are married in other jurisdictions to City employees of the same sex."

In light of recent decisions from the United States Supreme Court and the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit,² we conclude that we must reverse the trial court's injunction. In Obergefell, the United States Supreme Court determined that "same sex couples may exercise their fundamental right to marry in all States." Obergefell, ––– U.S. ––––, 135 S.Ct. 2584, 2604–05, 2607, 192 L.Ed.2d 609 (2015). The United States Supreme Court held that "there is no lawful basis for a State to refuse to recognize a lawful same-sex marriage performed in another State on the ground of its same-sex character." Id. at 2607–08. Further, in De Leon, a federal district court found that article I, section 32 of the Texas Constitution and Texas Family Code section 6.204 are unconstitutional and enjoined the State of Texas from enforcing them; the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit affirmed the trial court's determination in light of Obergefell.De Leon, 791 F.3d 619, 624–25 (5th Cir.2015).

Because of the substantial change in the law regarding same-sex marriage since the temporary injunction was signed,³ we reverse the trial court's temporary injunction and remand for proceedings consistent with Obergefell and De Leon.

1 The City challenged Appellees' standing to sue. Appellees' pleading that they are residents of Houston, Texas, Harris County, and "taxpayer[s] ... residing within the boundaries of the City of Houston and Defendants are expending significant public funds on an illegal activity," construed liberally, supports Appellees' standing to sue as taxpayers without showing a particularized injury. See Lone Star Coll. Sys. v. Immigration Reform Coal. of Tex. (IRCOT), 418 S.W.3d 263, 267–68, 274 (Tex.App.–Houston [14th Dist.] 2013, pet. denied) (op. on reh'g).

2 See Obergefell...