Patterson v. Patterson
| Decision Date | 03 June 1986 |
| Docket Number | No. 859DC797,859DC797 |
| Citation | 81 N.C.App. 255,343 S.E.2d 595 |
| Court | North Carolina Court of Appeals |
| Parties | Elmer Joe PATTERSON v. Linda J. PATTERSON. |
Boyce, Mitchell, Burns and Smith, P.A. by Carole S. Gailor, Raleigh, for plaintiff-appellant.
E. Gregory Stott, Raleigh, and Yarborough, Jolly and Williamson by W.M. Jolly, Louisburg, for defendant-appellee.
Plaintiff challenges the portions of the judgment below relating to alimony, child support, equitable distribution and attorneys' fees. We shall consider each of these challenges separately.
General Statute 50-16.2 provides that only a "dependent spouse" is entitled to alimony when one of the ten grounds listed in that statute is present. In this case, plaintiff stipulated that he had abandoned defendant. G.S. 50-16.2(4). His challenge to the award of alimony is based on the conclusion of the trial judge that defendant is, in fact, a "dependent spouse."
"Dependent spouse" is defined in G.S. 50-16.1(3) as a spouse "who is actually substantially dependent upon the other spouse for his or her maintenance and support or is substantially in need of maintenance and support from the other spouse." Our courts have interpreted "actually substantially dependent" to mean that the spouse seeking alimony must be actually dependent upon the other "in order to maintain the standard of living in the manner to which that spouse became accustomed during the last several years prior to separation." Williams v. Williams, 299 N.C. 174, 180, 261 S.E.2d 849, 854 (1980). The phrase "substantially in need of" has been interpreted as requiring the spouse seeking alimony to "establish that he or she would be unable to maintain his or her accustomed standard of living (established prior to separation) without financial contribution from the other." Id. at 182, 261 S.E.2d at 855.
The evidence in this case relating to these issues was that in the several years prior to the separation, the parties' joint income was variable because Mrs. Patterson operated a small business out of her home, the income from which was unsteady. The couple's federal income tax return for 1981 shows a joint income of $15,958.96; the 1982 return shows income of $12,656.49; and the 1983 return shows income of $16,284.58. Mrs. Patterson testified that she now has a weekly gross income of $306.80, or approximately $15,900 annually. She is thus making, on her own, a gross income which is very nearly the same as the couple was making as a unit. Therefore, we cannot say that defendant is one "actually without means of providing for his or her accustomed standard of living," Williams at 180, 261 S.E.2d at 854; for this reason she does not qualify as a "dependent spouse" under the first test for determining dependency.
However, as stated in Williams, supra, the second test, "substantially in need," refers to something less than being "actually substantially dependent." The analysis under this test is much more extensive and requires detailed and specific findings by the trial court. See Quick v. Quick, 305 N.C. 446, 290 S.E.2d 653 (1982). These findings must determine the standard of living of the parties as a family unit, the present earnings and prospective earnings of each spouse at the time of the hearing, the reasonable expenses of the party seeking alimony, and the financial worth of both spouses. No findings appear in the record as to the crucial issue of the standard of living enjoyed by the couple in the years prior to the separation. Further, an alimony award should follow equitable distribution, duly taking into account the division of the marital property and the resulting estates of the parties. Talent v. Talent, 76 N.C.App. 545, 334 S.E.2d 256 (1985). Therefore, that portion of the order awarding alimony to defendant is vacated, and the cause is remanded for further findings on the issue of alimony.
The trial judge, as part of the judgment below, ordered plaintiff to pay $225 per month in child support to defendant, the custodial parent. The trial judge found as fact that the reasonable expenses of the child were "in excess of $500 per month." The incomes and monthly expenses of both parties were also found by the trial court. When supported by the proper findings of fact, the amount of child support is determined by the trial judge in the exercise of discretion. Plott v. Plott, 313 N.C. 63, 326 S.E.2d 863 (1985). Absent a showing of abuse of that discretion, a judge's determination of what is a proper amount of support will not be disturbed on appeal. Id.
In his findings, the trial judge found that the reasonable expenses of the child were "in excess of $500." Yet, the child's mother claimed the child's expenses were $855.16. No finding was made by the trial court as to which expenses he considered unreasonable. This is a critical finding relating to the reasonable needs of the child. See id. The same is true as to the finding of the reasonable living expenses of the child's father. The trial court found those expenses to be $800, rejecting the claimed figure of $1,196.80. Again, the judge made no finding as to what claimed expenses of the father he considered unreasonable. Such a finding is critical for determining the father's ability to pay. Failure to make these crucial findings in its child support order requires us to vacate the order and remand the cause for further findings. Id. at 74, 326 S.E.2d at 870.
General Statute 50-20 governs the distribution of marital property upon divorce, absent an agreement of the parties. Subsection (c) of that statute states, "There shall be an equal division by using net value of marital property unless the court determines that an equal division is not equitable." There are then enumerated factors which the court is to consider in determining whether an equal division is equitable. Contrary to appellant's assertion, a trial judge is not required, in the findings of fact, to recite each factor and state the reasons for considering it or rejecting it. Rather, all that is required is for the trial judge to list the factors, statutory and non-statutory, that are supported by the evidence and which justify an unequal distribution. See Alexander v. Alexander, 68 N.C.App. 548, 315 S.E.2d 772 (1984). The judge below found that an equal division would not be equitable for five listed reasons, but all relate to the fact that the defendant has sole custody of the minor child of the marriage. General Statute 50-20(c)(4) provides that the "need of a parent with custody of a child ... of the marriage to occupy ... the marital residence and to use or own its household effects ..." is one factor to consider in determining whether an equal division would be equitable. Under the facts of this case, this factor alone justifies the unequal distribution of marital property without requiring the trial judge to simply recite the other factors. See White v. White, 312 N.C. 770, 324 S.E.2d 829 (1985); Ellis v. Ellis, 68 N.C.App. 634, 315 S.E.2d 526 (1984).
Appellant also contends that the trial judge erred in the values assigned to various pieces of marital property. First, appellant argues the valuation of the marital property given by the court-appointed appraiser was erroneous. The parties had consented to the appointment of the appraiser and had agreed to be bound by his conclusions. The appraiser valued each individual piece of property and then totalled the values of the pieces in various rooms. The totals for the items located in the living room, the master bedroom and at the wife's father's house were erroneous on account of a mathematical error in adding the values of the individual pieces. Appellant contends that these erroneous totals misled the trial judge into giving defendant more property than she otherwise would have received. We cannot agree. The record demonstrates that the judge considered each piece of marital property individually, and divided the property appropriately, taking into consideration that the wife had sole custody of the child of the marriage. Therefore, we do not believe that the erroneous totals assigned by the appraiser to arbitrary groupings of marital property affected the trial judge's decision. See McManus v. McManus, 76 N.C.App. 588, 334 S.E.2d 270 (1985).
Appellant next argues that the court improperly valued the automobile owned by the parties at the time of separation. When the divorce action is based on the ground of one year separation, the marital property must be valued as of the date of separation. G.S. 50-21(b). The defendant testified...
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