Patterson v. State

• Decision Date: 13 March 1974
• Docket Number: No. 47750,47750
• Parties: Kenneth Lee PATTERSON, Appellant, v. The STATE of Texas, Appellee.
• Court: Texas Court of Criminal Appeals

Page 857

509 S.W.2d 857

Kenneth Lee PATTERSON, Appellant, v. The STATE of Texas, Appellee.

No. 47750.

Court of Criminal Appeals of Texas.

March 13, 1974.

Dissenting Opinion on Denial of Rehearing May 22, 1974.

Tom A. Boardman, Don Wilmarth, and Lawrence B. Mitchell, Dallas, for appellant.

Henry Wade, Dist. Atty., and Robert T. Baskett, Asst. Dist. Atty., Dallas, Jim D. Vollers, State's Atty., and Buddy Stevens, Asst. State's Atty., Austin, for the State.

OPINION

MORRISON, Judge.

Conviction is for murder; the punishment, life.

Appellant's first contention is that the trial court erred in refusing to grant a mistrial upon admission of an oral confession not taken in compliance with Art. 38.22, Vernon's Ann.C.C.P.

Appellant introduced the following testimony on cross-examination of the State's witness Officer Burks, to-wit:

'Q You just came in and said 'I want the truth, nothing but the truth,' right?

'A Yes, sir.

'Q All right. When you said this to Mr. Patterson (appellant), what, if anything, did he say to you?

'A He told me that he understood that I was like his father. His father had been a policeman and that's all his father ever wanted was the truth.'

On re-direct examination, the State elicited the following testimony from this witness, to-wit:

'Q Now, this comment he (appellant) made about his father, could you tell the jury what he said?

'A He told me that he understood, that I was like his father; his father was a policeman and that's all he ever wanted was the truth.

'Q Did he Then tell you that he had killed this woman? (Emphasis Added)

'A Yes, sir, he did.'

Appellant then objected to this testimony as being a violation of Art. 38.22, supra. The court instructed the jury to disregard this testimony, but denied appellant's motion for a mistrial.

Appellant, having inquired of the witness what it was the appellant told him, is in no position to complain. It appears that the oral confession immediately followed the statement elicited by the appellant.

Appellant relies on Roman v. State, Tex.Cr.App., 503 S.W.2d 252. In that case, defendant's attorney asked the witness on cross examination if an informer had told him that J.C. might be in the defendant's apartment when the informer arrived. Thereafter, over defendant's hearsay objection, on redirect the witness was allowed to testify that the informer told him on another occasion he had been to the defendant's apartment and had seen a large quantity of marihuana and had seen defendant and J.C. rolling, smoking and packaging it.

The Court there held that the rationale of Art. 38.24, V.A.C.C.P., would not permit the introduction of hearsay information of the defendant's criminal activities since they involved a different subject than was covered by the portion of the conversation brought out by the defendant.

In the instant case, however, the appellant introduced testimony on cross examination that the appellant had told Officer Burks that all he wanted was to tell the truth about the offense under investigation. The offense under investigation was a murder case for which appellant had previously been charged, and anything further said by appellant relating to the same subject matter became admissible by virtue of appellant's counsel's question. Appellant's attorney, having introduced the self serving statement that appellant was motivated to tell the truth, is in no position to object when the balance of the conversation as to appellant's version of the truth, as related to Officer Burks, is introduced by the State. Appellant's broad question on cross examination would even have authorized the witness to relate the oral confession. Appellant asked the witness to relate what the appellant said to him. The appellant is in no position to complain when the State asks the witness in effect to complete the answer to a question that appellant had previously posed.

Furthermore, the appellant failed to object prior to the witness' answer. If there had been a timely objection, there would have been only the question but no evidence on the oral confession. Appellant cannot wait to see if the answer will be favorable before he objects. The record is silent as to good cause for the failure to timely object. It is incumbent upon appellant to show good reason for the failure to timely object if he desires to avoid a waiver of the matter. We note also that the court instructed the jury to disregard the oral confession.

Appellant next complains that the State engaged in improper jury argument. The argument in question is as follows:

'MR. ORMESHER: . . . And he's progressed to the point of no return. If you look at the facts of this case, you can see one thing and that's that Kenneth Patterson is degenerated to the point where he's almost to the worst of the sadistic killers, those that would eat human flesh.

'MR. ATWOOD: Your Honor, for Heaven's sake--

'MR. ORMESHER: I base that on the evidence here when he-- 'MR. ATWOOD: Your Honor, may I have an objection to the remark of counsel?

'THE COURT: Yes, sir.

'MR. ATWOOD: I ask the jury to disregard it.

'THE COURT: Overrule objection.

'MR. ORMESHER: I have based that comment on what you saw here in these photographs today, the biting of humand photographs today, the biting of human I was talking about, the worst of sadistic killers.'

Dr. Hoffman had testified that the breasts of the deceased had been severed from the body and that a bite mark was on the severed left breast. He further testified that the placed a mold of appellant's teeth on the wound and the mold fit the wound.

The appellant made only a general objection, which is not sufficient. Alejandro v. State, Tex.Cr.App., 493 S.W.2d 230. Also, as noted by the quoted argument hereinabove, the State repeated in essence the same argument with no objection. We have, however, reviewed the evidence of Dr. Hoffman, who described the condition of the deceased, and find that the murder was of such a brutal nature that the argument complained of, if error, is not such as to call for a reversal of this conviction.

Appellant next complains of the following closing argument of the state:

'Did you have a doctor come down and tell you from jail and don't think we're not covered with nurses and doctors up there that can come examine people. . . .'

The court overruled appellant's objection that the argument was outside the record.

Appellant argues that such argument was prejudicial to him on the issue of the coercion of the written confession and that it was outside the record. The first line of the above argument is a fair comment on the failure of appellant to produce a doctor to verify his claims of physical abuse. The following two lines do appear to be outside the record, but do not call for reversal. Appellant states in his brief that there were no symptoms of physical abuse and a doctor or nurse could add nothing to the evidence. The fact then of whether appellant produced a doctor or of how many doctors or nurses were available to appellant was irrelevant to any issue in this case. The statement of facts in this case runs in excess of two thousand four hundred pages. Some forty-five witnesses were called. The trial lasted nearly two weeks. We fail to see how appellant could have been harmed by this one short-lived instance of jury argument on this relatively insignificant matter.

Appellant in his next two grounds of error complains of the court's allowing Dr. Grigson to testify as a rebuttal witness in violation of Art. 46.02(2)(f) (1) V.A.C.C.P. and the Sixth Amendment to the Federal Constitution.

Prior to trial, Dr. Grigson, a psychiatrist, conducted a mental examination of appellant at the State's request. The trial court on its own motion over appellant's objection held a pre-trial sanity hearing with the jury returning a verdict finding the appellant to be 'sane at the time of this trial.'

During the trial on the merits before a different jury, the appellant called as a witness Dr. Siegel, a psychologist. Prior to the substantive portion of this witness' testimony, the court admonished appellant's counsel as follows:

'THE COURT: . . . Counsel, I think you're opening up an area if you go into it certainly the State would be entitled to call rebuttal witnesses.

Dr. Siegel then testified that in his opinion the particular crime in question would be out of character for appellant's type of personality and he gave his reasons for arriving at this conclusion.

The State on rebuttal called Dr. Grigson, who testified that appellant has a sociopathic personality disorder; that the appellant's type of personality is such that he would commit exactly the type of crime for which he was charged; and that he has a tremendous anger toward women. It is this testimony to which appellant objects.

By introducing Dr. Siegel's testimony, appellant waived any objection to Dr. Grigson's testimony. Brown v. State, Tex.Cr.App., 457 S.W.2d 917. We note that the court adequately forewarned appellant of these consequences if he persisted in going forth with Dr. Siegel's testimony.

The cases of Gephart v. State, 157 Tex.Cr.R. 414, 249 S.W.2d 612, and Stultz v. State, Tex.Cr.App., 500 S.W.2d 853, are controlling and contrary to appellant and contain a full discussion of the constitutional contentions made by appellant.

Appellant introduced expert evidence of appellant's lack of mental capacity to commit this crime and the State properly rebutted with expert testimony on the same subject. Art. 46.02(2)(f)(1), V.A.C.C.P., should not be interpreted as an exclusive procedure. We overrule appellant's grounds of error four and five.

The next two grounds of error relate to the following portion of the evidence: ¹

'A critical phase of the State's case centered on evidence of a bite mark on the severed left breast of the deceased. Dr. Hoffman testified that a wound on the left breast was a human bite mark.

Officer Burleson took the Defendant to Southwestern Medical School on ...