Pender v. State, AK-373
| Decision Date | 15 June 1983 |
| Docket Number | No. AK-373,AK-373 |
| Citation | 432 So.2d 800 |
| Parties | Earl L. PENDER, Appellant, v. STATE of Florida, Appellee. |
| Court | Florida District Court of Appeals |
Carl S. McGinnes, Asst. Public Defender, Tallahassee, for appellant.
Jim Smith, Atty. Gen., and Richard A. Patterson, Asst. Atty. Gen., Tallahassee, for appellee.
Pender appeals his conviction and sentence for battery upon a law enforcement officer. Appellant's first point alleges error in the trial court's denial of appellant's motion for discharge under the speedy trial rule. We find this contention without merit. We agree with appellant, however, on his second point that the trial court erred in refusing to allow a proffer during cross-examination of a State witness. Therefore, we reverse and remand.
Appellant Pender, an inmate in Florida State Prison, was charged with battery upon William Muse, a law enforcement officer, stemming from an incident on July 22, 1981. At trial, Officer Muse testified that on July 22, 1981, he confiscated some oranges from appellant. Muse testified that appellant protested and disobeyed a verbal order to get back in line with other inmates. Muse decided to place appellant in a holding cell, but as the officer was unlocking the cell, he testified that appellant punched him in the mouth. On cross-examination, defense counsel attempted to elicit from Officer Muse testimony concerning previous incidents between Muse and appellant, as well as testimony concerning whether appellant habitually mispronounced Muse's name. Counsel for the State repeatedly objected, on the ground of relevancy, to every question asked by defense counsel which went to the issues of prior incidents or the mispronunciation. The trial court sustained every State objection. Defense counsel repeatedly attempted to make a proffer but was not allowed to do so by the trial court. 1 After Muse's testimony was concluded, a discussion transpired between the trial judge and defense counsel in chambers. During this discussion the trial judge warned defense counsel not to continue to ask irrelevant questions, and again disallowed defense counsel's request to proffer testimony. 2 Appellant was found guilty, and this appeal ensued.
Appellant argues that the excluded testimony is relevant to establish the bias or prejudice of the witness, Officer Muse, towards the defendant. Thus, the testimony would have impeached Muse's credibility. Appellee argues that defense counsel was not attempting to impeach Officer Muse's credibility but was attempting to set up a defense of self-defense to the battery charge. Which of these two views, if either, is correct cannot be determined on this record absent the proffer. The point here is that this court cannot know what the excluded testimony was intended to prove, or whether it would have been relevant to any material issue at trial, when the trial court refuses to allow counsel to make a proffer. As this court stated in Piccirrillo v. State, 329 So.2d 46 (Fla. 1st DCA 1976), Id. at 47. See also Kembro v. State, 346 So.2d 1083 (Fla. 1st DCA 1977); Phillips v. State, 351 So.2d 738 (Fla. 3d DCA 1977), cert. denied, 361 So.2d 834 (Fla.1978).
Appellee further suggests that any error in the trial court's disallowance of the proffer is harmless. The disallowance of the proffer, however, thwarted appellant's right of cross-examination, and the right to confront witnesses guaranteed by the sixth amendment and by Article I, Section 16, Florida Constitution is implicated. Therefore, for the error to be harmless it must be deemed harmless beyond a reasonable doubt. Chapman v. California, 386 U.S. 18, 87 S.Ct. 824, 17 L.Ed.2d 705 (1967). Since this court has no way of knowing what the proffered testimony would have been, we cannot say that this error is harmless beyond a reasonable doubt. Therefore, the judgment and sentence are reversed, and this cause is remanded for proceedings not inconsistent with this opinion.
1 The following is an excerpt from the trial record:
BY MR. REPLOGLE:
Q. In prior contacts that you've had with Mr. Pender during the nine months or so that you knew him up to this incident, have you had any problem with him?
Q. Officer Muse, are you aware of any speech problem that Mr. Pender has?
Q. Officer Muse, does Mr. Pender call you Officer Moose?
Q. Officer Muse, in discussion with Mr. Pender have you ever tried to correct his pronunciation of your name?
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