People v. Baugh

• Decision Date: 24 April 1985
• Docket Number: No. 4-84-0727,4-84-0727
• Citation: 477 N.E.2d 724,87 Ill.Dec. 598,132 Ill.App.3d 713
• Parties: , 87 Ill.Dec. 598 The PEOPLE of the State of Illinois, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. William A. BAUGH, Sr., Defendant-Appellant.
• Court: United States Appellate Court of Illinois

Page 724

477 N.E.2d 724

132 Ill.App.3d 713, 87 Ill.Dec. 598

The PEOPLE of the State of Illinois, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. William A. BAUGH, Sr., Defendant-Appellant.

No. 4-84-0727.

Appellate Court of Illinois Fourth District.

April 24, 1985.

Daniel D. Yuhas, Deputy Defender, Office of State Appellate Defender, Springfield, for defendant-appellant.

Jeffrey K. Davison, State's Atty., Decatur, Robert J. Biderman, Deputy Director, State's Attys. Appellate Service Com'n, Springfield, Linda Welge, Staff Atty., for plaintiff-appellee.

GREEN, Presiding Justice:

After conviction in the circuit court of Macon County for felony theft and the loss of his appeal of that conviction, William Baugh, petitioner, filed a pro se post-conviction petition in that court on February 22, 1984. At the same time he filed a request for appointment of counsel. The trial court dismissed the petition as without merit pursuant to section 122-2.1 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of 1963 (Ill.Rev.Stat., 1984 Supp., ch. 38, par. 122-2.1). The petitioner then filed two successive pro se post-conviction petitions with concurrent requests for appointment of counsel and each of these petitions was also dismissed for lack of merit and without the appointment of counsel. Petitioner appeals from the dismissal of the third petition on September 19, 1984, claiming that section 122-2.1 is unconstitutional because it allows the dismissal of post-conviction petitions which are deemed to be without merit prior to the appointment of counsel. We find petitioner's constitutional challenge to section 122-2.1 to be without merit.

Petitioner has put forth three grounds in support of his contention that section 122-2.1 is unconstitutional: (1) This section conflicts with Supreme Court Rule 651(c) (87 Ill.2d R. 651(c)) therefore violating the doctrine of separation of powers; (2) providing, as a matter of right, counsel for indigents who take direct appeals from convictions but refusing appointment for those seeking post-conviction relief when the trial court finds their petition to be "frivolous or without merit" violates the doctrine of equal protection; and (3) denying counsel to indigent post-conviction petitioners violates due process guarantees of both the State and Federal constitutions.

The State maintains that the petitioner has waived the issue of the constitutionality of section 122-2.1 by failing to raise it in his amended petitions for post-conviction relief. Because we do not find petitioner's arguments that the statute is unconstitutional to be persuasive, we need not decide whether the issue is waived.

In support of his contention that section 122-2.1 violates the doctrine of separation of powers, petitioner points out that Rule 651(c) provides that counsel shall be provided for an indigent petitioner who appeals a denial of his post-conviction petition while section 122-2.1 permits the trial court to dismiss certain petitions summarily prior to the appointment of counsel. No conflict exists. Section 122-2.1 deals with post-conviction procedure at the trial level while Rule 651(c) concerns appellate procedure. The exclusive power of the Supreme Court to make rules regarding appeals (People ex rel. Stamos v. Jones (1968), 40 Ill.2d 62, 237 N.E.2d 495) has not been usurped by the legislature here as it is entitled to enact laws governing judicial practice so long as they do not unduly infringe upon the judiciary's inherent powers. People v. Cox (1980), 82 Ill.2d 268, 45 Ill.Dec. 190, 412 N.E.2d 541; Agran v. Checker Taxi Co. (1952), 412 Ill. 145, 105 N.E.2d 713.

The constitutional right to counsel which is absolute at trial has not been found to apply to post-conviction proceedings. (Rodriquez v. United States (1969), 395 U.S. 327, 89 S.Ct. 1715, 23 L.Ed.2d 340.) Indeed, this court has stated in reference to section 122-2.1 that "the right to counsel at post-conviction proceedings is a matter of legislative grace and favor which may be altered by the legislature at will." People v. Ward (1984), 124 Ill.App.3d 974, 978, 80 Ill.Dec. 161, 164, 464 N.E.2d 1144, 1147.

Section 122-2.1 does not operate to deny counsel to indigents wishing to institute post-conviction proceedings. Instead, it is an attempt to screen out the cases that have no merit to them at an early stage, and the requirement in subsection (a) that the trial court make a written order setting forth its findings in dismissing the petition produces a record for the counsel provided in Rule 651 to use to appeal the dismissal. If a petition is found to have merit under section 122-2.1, counsel will be appointed pursuant to section 122-4. We do not find this to be an instance of the legislature infringing upon the powers of the judiciary.

Petitioner next contends that the furnishing of counsel to indigents on their first direct appeal pursuant to Supreme Court Rule 607(a) (87 Ill.2d R. 607(a)) but the refusal to appoint counsel until after a decision on the merits of a post-conviction petition is a violation of the doctrine of equal protection. Petitioner contends that the post-conviction petition is analogous to a first direct appeal in that it is the first time that issues outside of the record may be put forward for consideration. We find, however, that the two situations are not analogous and that there is a rational basis for treating the two situations differently.

A direct appeal is the next stage after a trial where the State, and not the defendant, has the burden of proof. The fundamental right to counsel extends into the appellate procedure where the defendant contends that there was error in the record on the part of the State or the court which resulted in his conviction.

A post-conviction petition, on the other hand, involves the defendant-petitioner introducing collateral matters which he then claims make his conviction invalid. The petitioner, and not the State, has the burden of proof. Counsel on behalf of petitioner would now become a sword against the State rather than a shield from it. The post-conviction process usually does not even begin until the petitioner has had his trial and appeal as of right,...