People v. Berti

• Decision Date: 16 March 1960
• Docket Number: Cr. 6859
• Court: California Court of Appeals Court of Appeals
• Parties: PEOPLE of the State of California, Plaintiff and Respondent, v. Richard Mario BERTI and Richard LeRoy Berry, Defendants, Richard LeRoy Berry, Defendant and Appellant.

Page 514

3 Cal.Rptr. 514

178 Cal.App.2d 872

PEOPLE of the State of California, Plaintiff and Respondent, v. Richard Mario BERTI and Richard LeRoy Berry, Defendants, Richard LeRoy Berry, Defendant and Appellant.

Cr. 6859.

District Court of Appeal, Second District, Division 2, California.

March 16, 1960.

Hearing Denied May 11, 1960.

Paul Hill, Hollywood, for appellant.

Stanley Mosk, Atty. Gen., Elizabeth Miller, Deputy Atty. Gen., for respondent.

ASHBURN, Justice.

Convicted after a non-jury trial of possession of marijuana in violation of § 11500, Health and Safety Code, defendant was granted probation and further proceedings were suspended. Defendant appeals from the judgment (pursuant to Pen.Code, § 1237, subd. 1) and from an order denying his motion for new trial. The co-defendant, Berti, was acquitted.

Counsel argues that the conviction rests only upon surmise and assumption and hence the evidence is insufficient to support the finding of guilt. 'The test on appeal is whether there is substantial evidence to support the conclusion of the trier of fact. It is not whether guilt is established beyond a reasonable doubt.' People v. Daugherty, 40 Cal.2d 876, 885, 256 P.2d 911, 916. The cardinal rules of review here applicable are these: "We must assume in favor of the verdict the existence of every fact which the jury could have reasonably deduced from the evidence, and then determine whether such facts are sufficient to support the verdict.' If the circumstances reasonably justify the verdict of the jury, the opinion of the reviewing court that those circumstances might also reasonably be reconciled with the innocence of the defendant will not warrant interference with the determination of the jury.' People v. Newland, 15 Cal.2d 678, 681, 104 P.2d 778, 780. The rule is equally applicable to issues whose solution depends upon circumstantial evidence, for the question whether those circumstances are equally consistent with innocence is one of fact for the jury except in those instances where the court can say as matter of law that there is no substantial evidence to support a finding against the defendant upon the particular issue. People v. Wales, 136 Cal.App.2d 846, 852, 289 P.2d 305; People v. Newland, supra, 15 Cal.2d 678, 680-681, 104 P.2d 778; People v. Perkins, 8 Cal.2d 502, 509-511, 66 P.2d 63; People v. Daugherty, supra, 40 Cal.2d 876, 885, 256 P.2d 911; 19 Cal.Jur.2d § 485 at p. 251. It is true in criminal as well as civil cases that the court is not bound to accept testimony of the appellant which is not actually convincing even though it be uncontradicted. 'It must be considered in connection with other testimony and reasonable inferences therefrom and the rule that the jury properly may reject part of the testimony of a witness, though not directly contradicted, and combine the accepted portions with bits of testimony or inferences from the testimony of other witnesses, thus weaving a cloth of truth out of selected available material.' Nevarov v. Caldwell, 161 Cal.App.2d 762, 777, 327 P.2d 111, 121.

On January 23, 1959, about 1:00 p. m., defendant Berry, his co-defendant Richard M. Berti, and one Torres, were traveling in a two-door Ford sedan with Berti driving, Torres in the back seat and appellant in the front seat on the right side. The window next to him was open and the only other one on that side of the car was closed. Los Angeles City Police Officers Chitwood and Bouscher were following them because Torres had been recognized by Bouscher as a narcotic user. When the Berti car neared the intersection of Vantage and Stagg Streets in the Hollywood area, the police sounded their horn and mentioned the Berti car over toward the curb. Officer Chitwood thereupon saw a shiny, silver-colored object, about two by three inches, leave the right front window of the Ford and land in the gutter about a foot from the curb. Later analysis showed that it was a package of marijuana. While the officer did not see the object leave the hand of any occupant, he did observe it leave the right front window and land on the ground. All three occupants were arrested. Berti was acquitted and it does not appear what disposition was made of the charge against Torres. In effect, the court found that appellant threw the object out of the window. This seems a reasonable conclusion.

While it was possible for Torres to reach forward from the back seat and throw the object out of the front window, and likewise possible for Berti the driver to throw it from his seat on the left side, it seems improbable that this would have occurred without attracting the attention of the officers whose attention was focused upon the car and its occupants. It would be a very simple thing for defendant on the front right seat to eject it surreptitiously. The fact that the officer saw it as soon as it left the window argues that he probably would have seen any unusual movement of either of the other occupants of the vehicle which would result in the package flying through the air from the front right window. Plainly, the marijuana was inside the car and was thrown out when the police motioned the driver to the curb. The logical inference from the known circumstances seems to be that defendant threw it. Counsel's claim that this is but surmise and assumption cannot be sustained.

It is true that a finding cannot rest upon mere possibility or conjecture (Robinson v. Board of Retirement, 140 Cal.App.2d 115, 118, 294 P.2d 724), but it may be sustained by the weight of probabilities, by the more convincing inferences. The one drawn by the trial judge in this instance is subject to the same comment as we made concerning a contested inference in Edler v. Sepulveda Park Apts., 141 Cal.App.2d 675, 679, 297 P.2d 508, 510: 'If it involves any degree of speculation it is only that minimal amount which is inherent in the ordinary process of drawing inferences. See Gilbert v. Pessin Grocery Co., 132 Cal.App.2d 212, 226, 282 P.2d 148; Miller v. Southern Pac. Co., 117 Cal.App.2d 492, 507, 256 P.2d 603; Finnegan v. Royal Realty...