People v. Cuttita
| Decision Date | 24 October 2006 |
| Parties | The PEOPLE of the State of New York, Respondent, v. Frank CUTTITA, Appellant. |
| Court | New York Court of Appeals Court of Appeals |
Albert A. Gaudelli, Forest Hills, for appellant.
Eliot Spitzer, Attorney General, New York City (Megan P. Davis, Robin A. Forshaw and Michael S. Belohlavek of counsel), for respondent.
In this case, defendant Frank Cuttita asserts that the office of the State Welfare Inspector General was not statutorily authorized to prosecute him for knowingly operating an adult care facility without a license in violation of Social Services Law § 461-b (2)(c). Under the circumstances of this case, we agree that the Welfare Inspector General (WIG) lacked jurisdiction under the relevant statutes.
Since the mid-1980s, defendant has been engaged in a dispute with state authorities regarding several properties in the Town of Liberty, Sullivan County, that defendant operated as communal residences for adults (see Perales v. Cuttita, 127 A.D.2d 960, 512 N.Y.S.2d 565 [3d Dept.1987]). The State has maintained that the residences are unlicensed adult care facilities for persons who have "physical or other limitations associated with age, physical or mental disabilities or other factors" and are therefore "unable or substantially unable to live independently" (Social Services Law § 2[21]). An adult care facility that offers long-term care to fewer than five adults unrelated to the operator is categorized as a "family type home for adults" (Social Services Law § 2[22]) and must be licensed by the State Office of Children and Family Services (OCFS) (see Social Services Law § 460-b [1]; § 461-b [2][a]; L. 1997, ch. 436, part B, § 122[d]). A facility that provides similar care to five or more adults unrelated to the operator is designated as a "residence for adults" (Social Services Law § 2[24]) or, if direct or indirect personal care is provided, an "adult home" (Social Services Law § 2[25]), both of which must be licensed by the State Department of Health (DOH) (see Social Services Law § 460-b [1]; § 461-b [2][a]; L. 1997, ch. 436, part B, § 122[e]).1
Defendant has objected to applying for licenses from either DOH or OCFS on the basis that the properties are merely boarding houses not subject to state oversight and accreditation requirements. For a time, he successfully avoided the State's efforts to regulate the homes and his activities (see Perales v. Cuttita, 127 A.D.2d at 961, 512 N.Y.S.2d 565). In 1999, however, DOH received a complaint about defendant's operations and subsequently obtained a court order granting access to the residences. As a result of these inspections, DOH determined that defendant was operating adult care facilities without a license. After a hearing, an Administrative Law Judge substantiantially agreed with DOH's assessment and concluded that defendant had violated Social Services Law § 460-b (1) and § 461-b (2) by failing to obtain a license from DOH for the operation of an adult home.2 Defendant was ordered to close the facility and pay a civil penalty of $1,000 per day of unlicensed operation after notification of DOH's decision. Also, in 1999, the WIG issued a written request to the Attorney General asking for an investigation of "any indictable offense or offenses in violation of the law which the Welfare Inspector General is especially required to execute."
Two judicial proceedings—one civil and one criminal—were then initiated against defendant. The Attorney General commenced a civil action seeking, among other relief, a permanent injunction to prohibit defendant from operating an adult care facility. Supreme Court found that the conclusions of the Administrative Law Judge were supported by substantial evidence and permanently enjoined defendant from operating an unlicensed adult care facility (People v. Cuttita, 1 Misc.3d 904[A], 2003 N.Y. Slip Op 51506[U], 2003 WL 22989204 [2003]). The Appellate Division affirmed Supreme Court's order (see Matter of People v. Cuttita, 12 A.D.3d 881, 784 N.Y.S.2d 725 [3d Dept.2004], lv. denied 4 N.Y.3d 706, 794 N.Y.S.2d 300, 827 N.E.2d 284 [2005]).
Defendant was also charged in the Town of Liberty Justice Court with one misdemeanor count of knowingly operating an adult care facility between June 1992 and October 2001 without written approval in violation of Social Services Law § 461-b (2)(c). The case was prosecuted primarily by an attorney affiliated with the office of the WIG, who was also designated a Special Assistant Attorney General.3 On the eve of trial, defendant moved to dismiss the accusatory instrument, claiming that the WIG lacked jurisdiction to prosecute him under Executive Law § 74(3)(d), which allows the WIG to initiate criminal actions premised on "fraud, abuse or illegal acts perpetrated within the department of social services or local social services districts, or by contractees or recipients of public assistance services" (Executive Law § 74[3][d]). In response, the WIG asserted that the statute provided his office with authority to prosecute this matter and, in any event, he had sent a written request to the Attorney General to prosecute defendant pursuant to the procedures set forth in Executive Law § 63(3), which confers jurisdiction to prosecute in the Attorney General upon the request of the head of certain state agencies, departments and offices.
Justice Court denied defendant's motion to dismiss and defendant proceeded to trial before a jury. The People presented evidence that, along with providing residents with housing and meals, defendant performed a variety of essential personal care and supervisory services for the residents, such as assisting with the management of finances, applying for public assistance, administering prescription medication, helping with personal hygiene, making health care appointments, with physicians and participating in treatment discussions with medical care providers. The People also adduced proof that several residents were incapable of living independently because of physical or psychological impairments, some of which required inpatient or outpatient mental health treatment. Based on this evidence, the jury convicted defendant of knowingly operating an adult care facility without a license. Defendant received a three-year sentence of probation, a condition of which was that he close the adult home.
On appeal, County Court affirmed defendant's conviction, concluding that the WIG had prosecutorial authority under both Executive Law § 63(3) and § 74(3)(d), and that the other claims of trial error raised by defendant were not meritorious. A Judge of this Court granted leave to appeal, and we now reverse.
Turning first to Executive Law § 74(3)(d), defendant contends that the statute restricts the WIG's prosecutorial powers to illegal acts committed internally within DOH, OCFS or local social services districts, or by contractees or recipients of public assistance, none of which are implicated here. The People respond that the WIG had jurisdiction to prosecute because defendant failed to comply with the regulations that apply to programs operated by DOH and OCFS.
The current structure and scope of authority of the office of the WIG is described in section 74, which was enacted as part of a comprehensive legislative package designed "[t]o implement cost containment initiatives and other cost reduction measures which will control Medicaid expenditure growth and produce savings for the State and local governments" (Mem. in Support, Bill Jacket, L. 1992, ch. 41, at 9). Although the office of the WIG is empowered "to conduct and supervise investigations relating to the programs of the department of social services" (Executive Law § 74[3][b]), the statute limits the nature of its "investigations" to "fraud, abuse, or illegal acts perpetrated within the department of social services or local social services districts, or by contractees or recipients of public assistance services" (Executive Law § 74[1][b]). The WIG's authority to initiate criminal prosecutions is similarly restricted in section 74(3)(d) to matters involving "fraud, abuse or illegal acts perpetrated within the department of social services or local social services districts, or by contractees or recipients of public assistance services" (Executive Law § 74[3][d]).4
Rather than vesting the WIG with a wide-ranging mandate to investigate and prosecute any programs or matters regulated by DOH or OCFS, the Legislature chose to confine the WIG's prosecutorial authority to fraud and illegality occurring "within the department of social services or local social services districts" (see Executive Law § 74[3][d]). Thus, the WIG's efforts, under this provision, must be limited to exposing fraudulent or criminal acts committed inside those governmental entities. The statute contemplates enforcement authority against, for example, illegal activities by state employees in connection with government-run programs, individuals who improperly obtain government benefits and, perhaps, those who seek to obtain a required license by making fraudulent statements or submitting false documents. But defendant was neither a state employee nor a contractee or recipient of government assistance services. And since he has steadfastly maintained that his facility was not subject to licensing or oversight by DOH, his contact with the department was insufficient to bring his actions "within" DOH or OCFS for purposes of Executive Law § 74(3)(d). Because the relevant statutory language does not evince an intent to provide the WIG with prosecutorial power to enforce statutory and regulatory licensing requirements subject to the jurisdiction of DOH and OCFS, under section 74(3)(d) the WIG lacked authority to prosecute defendant for a violation of Social Services Law § 461-b (2)(c).
Nor may the power to prosecute this case be derived from the jurisdiction vested in the...
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