People v. Everett

• Decision Date: 07 October 1986
• Citation: 186 Cal.App.3d 274,230 Cal.Rptr. 604
• Court: California Court of Appeals Court of Appeals
• Parties: The PEOPLE of the State of California, Plaintiff and Respondent, v. Stanley Bruce EVERETT, Defendant and Appellant, Stanley Bruce EVERETT, Petitioner, v. The SUPERIOR COURT of Orange County, Respondent; The PEOPLE, Real Party in Interest. G003362, G004184.

Page 604

230 Cal.Rptr. 604

186 Cal.App.3d 274

The PEOPLE of the State of California, Plaintiff and Respondent, v. Stanley Bruce EVERETT, Defendant and Appellant, Stanley Bruce EVERETT, Petitioner, v. The SUPERIOR COURT of Orange County, Respondent;

The PEOPLE, Real Party in Interest.

G003362, G004184.

Court of Appeal, Fourth District, Division 3, California.

Oct. 7, 1986.

Review Denied Jan. 21, 1987.

David Hazelkorn, Santa Ana, under appointment by the Court of Appeal, for defendant and appellant.

[186 Cal.App.3d 277] John K. Van de Kamp, Atty. Gen., Frederick R. Millar, Jr., John W. Carney and Jay M. Bloom, Deputy Attys. Gen., San Diego, for plaintiff and respondent.

OPINION

SONENSHINE, Associate Justice.

As part of a plea bargain, Stanley Everett pleaded guilty to felony and misdemeanor sex offenses involving his stepdaughters. He was sentenced to six years in prison, but contends the court erred in not considering mitigating factors before imposing the midterm sentence and his attorney's failings at the sentencing hearing denied him the effective assistance of counsel. He raises two other issues which arose before he entered his pleas: He contends (1) his attorney's advice to plead guilty without first exploring his eligibility for diversion denied him the effective assistance of counsel; and (2) the court erred in accepting his plea without first advising him he was waiving the majority of his appeal rights. The Attorney General argues the latter two issues are not cognizable on appeal without a certificate of probable cause. Although Everett recently applied for such a certificate, the trial court denied his request and he has sought mandate relief from this court.

I

Everett was arrested after the police learned he had been molesting his three stepdaughters for more than ten years. Prior to any preliminary examination, he pleaded guilty to two misdemeanors and six felonies. It was agreed he could apply for probation after submitting to a 90-day diagnostic study (Pen.Code, § 1203.03), but would receive a sentence not to exceed six years if probation were denied. Despite the severity of the offenses and Everett's lengthy prior criminal record, the diagnostic report recommended probation. However, Everett's intervening contact with the victims, in violation of court orders, substantiated the trial court's belief he was a poor candidate for probation. The court imposed the midterm sentence of six years and Everett appealed.

Trial counsel executed a notice of appeal on Everett's behalf and new counsel was appointed on appeal. The notice of appeal purported to challenge only the sentence or other matters occurring after the guilty plea. However, Everett's opening brief also attacked the plea itself and challenged the effectiveness of trial counsel's representation in recommending the plea bargain.

The Attorney General appropriately responded by asserting those issues should not be considered because Everett had failed to obtain a certificate of probable cause from the trial court. (Pen.Code, § 1237.5; Calif.Rules of Court, rule 31(d).) Thereafter, Everett applied for a certificate, asserting his desire to raise "constitutional and other grounds which the Defendant believes go to the legality of the proceedings." He described those grounds in the barest of terms: "These are the ineffective assistance of his trial counsel and a failure of both the Minicipal [sic] and Superior Courts to inform him of the full consequences of his guilty plea."

The superior court summarily denied the application for certificate of probable cause. Everett's petition for mandate relief from that order has been consolidated with the direct appeal. We issued an alternative writ and requested the Attorney General address several specific questions in its response: (1) the legal adequacy of petitioner's application for a certificate of probable cause; (2) the effect, if any, of the application's untimeliness; (3) what record, if any, the trial court should review in acting on the application; (4) the procedure for determining whether an issue is "clearly frivolous;" and (5) the appropriate standard for reviewing an order denying an application for a certificate of probable cause.

II

We discern considerable confusion among counsel and our trial courts regarding appeals after guilty pleas. As this court recently explained in People v. Bonwit (1985) 173 Cal.App.3d 828, 219 Cal.Rptr. 297, a guilty plea " 'admits all matters essential to the conviction' " and therefore waives appellate review of most preplea issues. (Id., at p. 832, 219 Cal.Rptr. 297, quoting from People v. DeVaughn (1977) 18 Cal.3d 889, 895, 135 Cal.Rptr. 786, 558 P.2d 872.) Only "constitutional, jurisdictional, or other grounds going to the legality of the proceedings" are preserved, because a plea of guilty is not inconsistent with that type of asserted error. (People v. Bonwit, supra, 173 Cal.App.3d at p. 832, 219 Cal.Rptr. 297.) ¹

Within this framework, another appellate court recently reiterated what is and is not waived by an admission of guilt. People v. Turner (1985) 171 Cal.App.3d 116, 214 Cal.Rptr. 572 contains a thorough review of the case law and lists numerous specific examples. (Id., at p. 127, 214 Cal.Rptr. 572.) The rule bears repeating: Following a guilty plea "[a] defendant thereafter can raise only those questions which go to the power of the state to try him despite his guilt." (Id., at p. 126, 214 Cal.Rptr. 572.)

III

First, we consider the appealability of Everett's claim he was denied the effective assistance of counsel before he entered his guilty pleas. Competency of counsel issues usually involve factual questions which are more appropriately raised in a petition for writ of habeas corpus. Such claims are cognizable on appeal where there is an adequate record for review. (People v. Pope (1979) 23 Cal.3d 412, 425-426, 152 Cal.Rptr. 732, 690 P.2d 859.) Here, there is an adequate record to review the specific complaint. Everett's guilty pleas did not waive the complaint. It survives the pleas: Attacks on the competence of counsel are not inconsistent with guilt. (In re Brown (1973) 9 Cal.3d 679, 682, 108 Cal.Rptr. 801, 511 P.2d 1153; People v. Ribero (1971) 4 Cal.3d 55, 63, 92 Cal.Rptr. 692, 480 P.2d 308.)

Similarly, Everett's complaint the court erred in failing to advise him his guilty plea waived most of his appellate rights also survives the plea and is cognizable on appeal. (See, e.g., People v. Brown (1971) 18 Cal.App.3d 1052, 1055, 96 Cal.Rptr. 476.) However, the alleged defect attacks the plea itself and the advice preceding the plea. A certificate of probable cause is required.

IV

Next, we address Everett's failure to obtain a certificate of probable cause from the trial court. Although he applied for the certificate, the trial court summarily denied his request. Review of that order is properly raised by a petition for writ of mandate to this court. (In re Brown, supra, 9 Cal.3d 679, 683, 108 Cal.Rptr. 801, 511 P.2d 1153.) Preliminarily, although we know his application for a certificate of probable cause was denied, we do not know why.

California Rules of Court, rule 31(d) requires the application for certificate of probable cause be filed with the trial court within 60 days of judgment. Everett's application was not timely filed; he did not seek the certificate until after the respondent's brief was filed in this court. Appellate counsel asserts his untimeliness is excusable because Everett was acting in pro per at the time he filed his notice of appeal and was unaware of the requirements to perfect his appeal. Counsel is mistaken. The notice of appeal was signed by Everett's trial attorney. And in any event, it was trial counsel's responsibility to explain to Everett how to perfect his appeal. (People v. Ribero, supra, 4 Cal.3d at p. 65, 92 Cal.Rptr. 692, 480 P.2d 308.)

Untimeliness does support a trial court's denial of an application for a certificate of probable cause. Nevertheless, this court would ordinarily grant relief. Otherwise, we would face the " 'inevitable collateral attack on the basis of inadequacy of counsel for not securing a certificate of probable cause....' [Citation.]" (People v. Tirado (1984) 151 Cal.App.3d 341, 348, 198 Cal.Rptr. 682.) We are more concerned with substantive denials of such applications. ²

Penal Code section 1237.5 requires the defendant file "with the trial court a written statement, executed under oath or penalty of perjury showing [the grounds] going to the legality of the proceedings; ..." (See also Cal.Rules of Court, rule 31(d).) While Everett filed a "Motion for Certificate of Probable Cause," it was not executed under oath nor penalty of perjury. Again, however, we are reluctant to impute counsel's failings--this time, appellate counsel's--to Everett.

V

That leads to the next question: Is the application substantively correct in asserting Everett is entitled to a certificate of probable cause? We think not.

In re Brown, supra, 9 Cal.3d 679, 108 Cal.Rptr. 801, 511 P.2d 1153 is instructive. Brown pleaded guilty but changed her mind. She was unsuccessful in her efforts to withdraw her plea in the trial court. Her request for a certificate of probable cause was denied. Thereafter, she petitioned for a writ of habeas corpus and failed to seek a writ of mandate compelling the superior court to issue the probable cause certificate.

The Brown court concluded habeas corpus relief was inappropriate. The court also considered treating the petition as one seeking mandate. (In re Brown, supra, 9 Cal.3d at pp. 683-684, 108 Cal.Rptr. 801, 511 P.2d 1153.) However, that option was rejected because "petitioner cannot prevail as her declaration clearly fails to demonstrate probable cause for appeal." (Id., at p. 684, 108 Cal.Rptr. 801, 511 P.2d 1153.) The Court found Brown's proposed appellate issues "were at best frivolous and vexatious" and concluded the certificate of probable...