People v. Gooley

• Decision Date: 28 December 2017
• Docket Number: 107150
• Citation: 156 A.D.3d 1231,69 N.Y.S.3d 127
• Parties: The PEOPLE of the State of New York, Respondent, v. James M. GOOLEY, Also Known as James Murray, Also Known as James Gooley Murray, Appellant.
• Court: New York Supreme Court — Appellate Division

156 A.D.3d 1231

69 N.Y.S.3d 127

The PEOPLE of the State of New York, Respondent,

v.James M. GOOLEY, Also Known as James Murray, Also Known as James Gooley Murray, Appellant.

107150

Supreme Court, Appellate Division, Third Department, New York.

Decided and Entered: December 28, 2017

Calendar Date: November 15, 2017

Robert W. Linville, Public Defender, Hudson (Jessica Howser of counsel), for appellant.

Paul Czajka, District Attorney, Hudson (James A. Carlucci of counsel), for respondent.

Before: Egan Jr., J.P., Rose, Devine, Mulvey and Rumsey, JJ.

MEMORANDUM AND ORDER

Rumsey, J.

Appeal from a judgment of the County Court of Columbia County (Koweek, J.), rendered August 22, 2014, upon a verdict convicting defendant of the crime of sexual abuse in the first degree.

Defendant was charged by indictment with the crimes of criminal sexual act in the first degree, two counts of criminal sexual act in the second degree and three counts of sexual abuse in the first degree based on allegations that he had sexually abused the grandson and granddaughter of his long-term girlfriend. Upon a jury trial, defendant was convicted of one count of sexual abuse in the first degree as it related to the grandson (hereinafter the victim) for conduct occurring in 2004, when the victim was nine years old; he was acquitted of the remaining charges. He was sentenced to a prison term of seven years, with 10 years of postrelease supervision. Defendant now appeals.

Defendant first argues that his constitutional right to confront the witnesses against him was violated by County Court's limitation of the scope of his cross-examination of the victim—who was 19 years old at the time of trial—regarding the victim's home life, which defendant's counsel characterized as "turbulent," and the victim's hospitalizations for mental health issues. A defendant has the constitutional right to confront witnesses through cross-examination (see People v. Stahl, 141 A.D.3d 962, 964, 35 N.Y.S.3d 779 [2016], lv denied 28 N.Y.3d 1127, 51 N.Y.S.3d 23, 73 N.E.3d 363 [2016], cert denied ––– U.S. ––––, 138 S.Ct. 222, 199 L.Ed.2d 120 [2017] ; People v. Tirado, 109 A.D.3d 688, 689, 970 N.Y.S.2d 342 [2013], lv denied 22 N.Y.3d 959, 977 N.Y.S.2d 190, 999 N.E.2d 555 [2013], cert denied ––– U.S. ––––, 135 S.Ct. 183, 190 L.Ed.2d 143 [2014] ); however, that right is not absolute (see People v. Corby, 6 N.Y.3d 231, 234, 811 N.Y.S.2d 613, 844 N.E.2d 1135 [2005] ). Upon reviewing the record, we conclude that the court permitted sufficient cross-examination of the victim with respect to those topics. The court permitted inquiry into the victim's living situation during the relevant time period and, in response to questions posed during cross-examination, the victim testified that there were "many occasions where [his parents] had split up," and described how he had lived in the homes of several different family members, including his mother and both grandmothers, often for short periods of time. In light of the scope of cross-examination that was permitted on this issue, the court properly denied defendant's request to admit Family Court records. With respect to the victim's history of treatment and hospitalization for mental health issues,

County Court permitted cross-examination regarding the victim's psychiatric history—including questions about whether he had suffered from depression or had experienced suicidal thoughts—and the victim admitted that he had received counseling for depression when he was 15 years old. In response to questions regarding his use of alcohol and drugs, he admitted to the use of marihuana. In light of the scope of cross-examination permitted, and based on our review of the record, we conclude that the court did not err in denying defendant's request to admit records related to the victim's record of treatment and hospitalization for mental health issues to impeach his credibility (see e.g. People v. Bowman, 139 A.D.3d 1251, 1254, 32 N.Y.S.3d 362 [2016], lv denied 28 N.Y.3d 927, 40 N.Y.S.3d 355, 63 N.E.3d 75 [2016] ; People v. Tirado, 109 A.D.3d at 689, 970 N.Y.S.2d 342 ).

We also reject defendant's contention that County Court erred in allowing an expert witness to testify regarding child sexual abuse accommodation syndrome. It is well-accepted that such testimony may be admitted "to explain a victim's behavior that jurors might otherwise misunderstand or perceive as unusual, such as a child's failure to promptly report abuse" ( People v. Pomales, 49 A.D.3d 962, 964, 853 N.Y.S.2d 407 [2008] [internal quotation marks and citations omitted], lv denied 10 N.Y.3d 938, 862 N.Y.S.2d 345, 892 N.E.2d 411 [2008] ; see People v. Gregory, 78 A.D.3d 1246, 1247, 910 N.Y.S.2d 295 [2010], lv denied 16 N.Y.3d 831, 921 N.Y.S.2d 195, 946 N.E.2d 183 [2011] ; People v. Maggio, 70 A.D.3d 1258, 1260–1261, 896 N.Y.S.2d 220 [2010], lv denied 14 N.Y.3d 889, 903 N.Y.S.2d 778, 929 N.E.2d 1013 [2010] ; People v. Higgins, 12 A.D.3d 775, 778, 784 N.Y.S.2d 232 [2004], lv denied 4 N.Y.3d 764, 792 N.Y.S.2d 7, 825 N.E.2d 139 [2005] ). Here, the expert testified that she had never met either child or defendant, nor had she reviewed any information specifically pertaining to this case. Her testimony was appropriately limited to educating the jury about child sexual abuse accommodation syndrome generally, and defendant was afforded the opportunity to cross-examine the expert witness. Under such circumstances, the testimony was properly admitted.

Defendant's contention that County...