People v. McGuire

• Decision Date: 25 November 1991
• Docket Number: No. A052808,A052808
• Citation: 1 Cal.Rptr.2d 846,1 Cal.App.4th 281
• Court: California Court of Appeals Court of Appeals
• Parties: PEOPLE of the State of California, Plaintiff and Respondent, v. Dennis V. McGUIRE, Defendant and Appellant.

Page 846

1 Cal.Rptr.2d 846

1 Cal.App.4th 281

PEOPLE of the State of California, Plaintiff and Respondent, v. Dennis V. McGUIRE, Defendant and Appellant.

No. A052808.

Court of Appeal, First District, Division 4, California.

Nov. 25, 1991.

Review Denied Jan. 29, 1992.

Paul R. Irish, Sacramento, for defendant and appellant.

Daniel E. Lungren, Atty. Gen., George Williamson, Chief Asst. Atty. Gen., John H. Sugiyama, Sr. Asst. Atty. Gen., Joanne S. Abelson, Deputy Atty. Gen., Laurence K. Sullivan, Supervising Deputy Atty. Gen., for plaintiff and respondent.

PERLEY, Associate Justice.

Pursuant to a negotiated disposition, defendant and appellant Dennis V. McGuire (appellant) pleaded guilty in the municipal court to being an ex-felon in possession of a firearm (Pen.Code, § 12021). Two other charges and an allegation of a prior felony conviction were dismissed. A condition of the plea was that appellant would be sentenced to state prison for the lower term of 16 months. The superior court sentenced appellant to 16 months in accordance with the negotiated disposition.

Appellant contends that his motion to withdraw the guilty plea should have been granted because the municipal court failed to comply with the provisions of Penal Code section 1192.5 relating to the factual basis for the plea. This contention lacks merit.

The relevant portions of section 1192.5 are as follows: "Upon a plea of guilty or nolo contendere to an accusatory pleading charging a felony.... The court shall also cause an inquiry to be made of the defendant to satisfy itself that the plea is freely and voluntarily made, and that there is a factual basis for such plea."

Herein the record reveals that before the municipal court accepted appellant's plea, he was advised of the constitutional rights he would waive by so pleading. Appellant indicated he understood those rights and expressly waived them. He was also advised of the consequences of his plea.

Regarding the subject in issue, the municipal court asked the attorneys, "[w]ill you stipulate that there is a factual basis for this plea?" Both counsel answered, "[s]o stipulated".

It appears that People v. Watts (1977) 67 Cal.App.3d 173, 136 Cal.Rptr. 496, was the first case to construe the above statutory language, because the court therein declared: "We find no California case which defines the nature and scope of the inquiry to be made by the trial court as to the factual basis for the plea under Penal Code section 1192.5." (Id. at p. 178, 136 Cal.Rptr. 496.)

Various authorities cited with approval in the Watts case state: "The revision of Federal Rule 11 does not require a particular kind of inquiry, and the committee note thereto observes that the court may satisfy itself 'by inquiry of the defendant or the attorney for the government....' " (People v. Watts, supra, 67 Cal.App.3d at p. 179, 136 Cal.Rptr. 496, some quotation marks omitted.) The "court may satisfy itself by statements and admissions made by the defendant, his counsel, and the prosecutor...." (Id. at p. 180, 136 Cal.Rptr. 496, some quotation marks omitted.) However, the Watts court concluded that a statement by defense counsel that he discussed the facts and law of the case with the defendant did not meet the requirements of section 1192.5. (Ibid.)

People v. Enright (1982) 132 Cal.App.3d 631, 634-635, 183 Cal.Rptr. 249, held that the requirements of section 1192.5 were met by a stipulation of the parties that the police reports could be considered as the factual basis for the plea.

People v. Tigner (1982) 133 Cal.App.3d 430, 434, 184 Cal.Rptr. 61, re-affirmed the holding in Watts that "a court could satisfy the factual basis inquiry by statements and admissions made by the defendant, his counsel, and the prosecutor...." It further held that the statutory requirements are not met by a mere recitation by the trial court that " '[t]here's a factual basis for the plea' without any further inquiry of appellant, his counsel, or the district attorney." (Id. at pp. 433, 435, 184 Cal.Rptr. 61.)

On the basis of the above authorities we conclude that the requirements of the statute were met herein because the record discloses that the municipal court obtained an admission from the defense attorney and the prosecutor.

The judgment is affirmed.

ANDERSON, P.J., concurs.

POCHE, Associate Justice, dissenting.

Appellant contends that his motion to withdraw his guilty plea should have been granted by the trial court because the generalized stipulation by the prosecution and the defense counsel that there was a factual basis for the plea was inadequate to satisfy the requirements of Penal Code section 1192.5. I agree and thus respectfully dissent.

The relevant portion of section 1192.5 requires that: "Upon a plea of guilty or nolo contendere to an accusatory pleading charging a felony.... [p] The court shall also cause an inquiry to be made of the defendant to satisfy itself that the plea is freely and voluntarily made, and that there is a factual basis for such plea."

In the case at bar, the following colloquy occurred: "[The Court]: Will you stipulate that there is a factual basis for this plea? [p] [Defense Counsel]: So stipulated. [p] [Prosecutor]: So stipulated, Your Honor." The issue before this court is whether that conversation fulfills the trial court's statutory duty to cause an inquiry of the defendant to satisfy itself that there is a factual basis for the plea.

The first case to construe the above-quoted language of section 1192.5 was People v. Watts (1977) 67 Cal.App.3d 173, 136 Cal.Rptr. 496. In Watts, defense counsel told the trial court: " 'We have discussed the elements of the charges against him and the possible defenses to those charges, and I have advised him of the law as it relates to the facts of his case. I have advised him of the legal consequences of a guilty plea to this charge and that the possible punishment for this offense is five years to life.' " (Id. at p. 180, 136 Cal.Rptr. 496.) On appeal, the court, analogizing to rule 11 of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure, ¹ held that such statement by defense counsel was not "sufficient to meet the requirements of Penal Code section 1192.5." (Ibid. ) "The failure of the trial court to make specific reference to such factual basis must be deemed error." (Id. at p. 182, 136 Cal.Rptr. 496.)

Watts recognized that the "purpose of the [factual basis] requirement is to protect against the situation where the defendant, although he realizes what he has done, is not sufficiently skilled in law to recognize that his acts do not constitute the offense with which he is charged." (People v. Watts, supra, 67 Cal.App.3d at p. 178, 136 Cal.Rptr. 496.) "Inquiry into the factual basis for the plea ensures that the defendant actually committed a crime at least as serious as the one to which he is willing to plead." (Ibid.) ²

Watts ' view of the reason for the rule was followed in People v. Tigner (1982) 133 Cal.App.3d 430, 184 Cal.Rptr. 61. Tigner held that "a mere recitation by the court concluding 'there's a factual basis' without developing the factual basis on the record is not sufficient to meet the requirements of Penal Code section 1192.5." ³ (Id. at p. 435, 184 Cal.Rptr. 61.)

However, the factual basis requirement of section 1192.5 is met when the parties stipulate that the court can consider a particular document--such as a police report--as the factual basis. (People v. Enright (1982) 132 Cal.App.3d 631, 634-635, 183 Cal.Rptr. 249.)

In summary, to comply with section 1192.5, the trial court must develop on the record specific facts supporting the plea. This allows the reviewing court to determine whether the factual basis relied upon by the trial court was sufficient. In Watts, the statement by the defense counsel was inadequate to serve this purpose because it was merely a general statement that he had discussed the facts with the defendant. Thus, there was nothing in the record that could establish a factual basis for the plea. In Tigner, the mere conclusory statement by the trial court that a factual basis existed clearly failed to establish specific facts on the record; in fact, it could hardly be considered an inquiry. In contrast, the stipulation in Enright was adequate because it specified that the factual basis could be found in a particular place (the police reports), as part of the record, and as such, the reviewing court could determine whether the factual basis itself was adequate to accept the defendant's plea.

In the case at bar, the prosecutor and the defense counsel stipulated that a factual basis for the plea existed. This general agreement is no more helpful in establishing a factual basis than were the statements which were rejected in Watts and Tigner as being statutorily inadequate. Such a stipulation reveals no more of a factual basis supporting the plea than the plea itself. Nor is this case analogous to the situation where the parties stipulate that certain documentary evidence in the record can serve as the factual basis for the plea. There is a significant distinction between a stipulation that a specific document can be considered as containing the factual basis, as in Enright, and a general stipulation that a factual basis simply exists, as we have here. The former provides a concrete set of facts in the record, which can be reviewed by the appellate court to determine its adequacy. The latter provides nothing to assure the appellate court or the trial court of the adequacy of the factual basis supporting the plea.

For these reasons, I find that the record does not contain anything that even remotely satisfies the factual basis requirement of section 1192.5 as interpreted by the case law.

The remaining question is whether the error in accepting the plea without a factual basis developed on the record is prejudicial. In Watts, the appellate court did not reverse because the superior court file contained the grand...