People v. Pierson
| Decision Date | 12 September 2017 |
| Docket Number | No. 332500,332500 |
| Citation | 321 Mich.App. 288,909 N.W.2d 274 |
| Parties | PEOPLE of the State of Michigan, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Raymond Charles PIERSON, Defendant-Appellant. |
| Court | Court of Appeal of Michigan — District of US |
Bill Schuette, Attorney General, Aaron D. Lindstrom, Solicitor General, Brian L. Mackie, Prosecuting Attorney, and Brenda L. Taylor, Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, for the people.
Raymond C. Pierson in propria persona.
Before: Markey, P.J., and Ronayne Krause and Boonstra, JJ.
Ronayne Krause, J.Defendant appeals by delayed leave granted the trial court’s order denying his postconviction motion for relief from judgment pursuant to MCR 6.502. Defendant was convicted by a jury of first-degree home invasion, MCL 750.110a(2) ; being a felon in possession of a firearm, MCL 750.224f ; possession of a firearm during the commission of a felony, second offense, MCL 750.227b ; and resisting and obstructing a police officer, MCL 750.81d(1). On appeal, this Court affirmed.1 Defendant thereafter moved for relief from judgment pursuant to MCR 6.502, contending that the trial court deprived him of a fair trial by commenting on the admissibility of a statement he made to an arresting police officer and precluding further questioning of the circumstances surrounding the statement. This Court granted leave to appeal limited to that issue. We affirm.
Defendant’s convictions arose out of police officers discovering defendant engaged in an altercation with another person, both of whom had their hands on a semiautomatic rifle. Relevant to the instant appeal, officers on the scene testified that defendant told them, unprompted, that "I broke into [the] house but the guy had the gun." The trial court held a hearing and found the statement admissible. At trial, the trial court cut off redirect questioning of one of the officers by the prosecutor into, apparently, the circumstances of that statement and when the officer read Miranda2 rights, stating, "The Court already held a hearing on this matter and I have ruled that the defendant was properly advised of his rights and that the statements that have been introduced are admissible." Defense counsel objected, to which the trial court replied On recross-examination, defense counsel asked the officer about the statement and mentioned the court’s remark about its admissibility, to which the officer replied: The trial court then stated, The officer then confirmed that defendant had made statements to him and to other officers. Defendant contends that the trial court’s remarks deprived him of a fair trial, especially because he denied having made the statement at all.
Although trial judges enjoy great discretion and wide latitude in conducting trials, they must not intentionally or unintentionally deprive a criminal defendant of a fair trial. Wheeler v. Wallace , 53 Mich. 355, 357–358, 19 N.W. 33 (1884). Usually, although not always, objections are required to preserve issues for appeal. See People v. Grant , 445 Mich. 535, 546–547, 520 N.W.2d 123 (1994). Where objection would "[have] to be made to the trial judge himself concerning his own conduct," review without the benefit of an objection may be particularly appropriate. People v. Collier , 168 Mich.App. 687, 697, 425 N.W.2d 118 (1988). Trial counsel did object to the trial court’s commentary to some extent, although no explication was given; the trial court’s conduct, insofar as it is discernable from the transcript, suggests that any further efforts by counsel would have been futile or counterproductive. This Court reviews the issue to determine whether the appellant received a fair trial. Wheeler , 53 Mich. at 357-358, 19 N.W. 33.
It has long been established that it is error for a trial court to inform a jury that it had already determined a defendant’s confession to be voluntary, although such an error may or may not warrant reversal. See People v. Gilbert , 55 Mich.App. 168, 171–173, 222 N.W.2d 305 (1974), and People v. Williams , 46 Mich.App. 165, 169–170, 207 N.W.2d 480 (1973) ; which both relied on People v. Walker (On Rehearing) , 374 Mich. 331, 132 N.W.2d 87 (1965). Analogously, informing the jury that the trial court already determined a police officer’s conduct to have been proper and lawful in the context of an allegedly coerced confession is, as a practical matter, the same error, albeit also not necessarily one mandating reversal. People v. Kincaid , 136 Mich.App. 209, 215–216, 356 N.W.2d 4 (1984).
It is no particular stretch to further extrapolate that there is little substantive difference between advising the jury that a confession had previously been ruled voluntary after a hearing and advising the jury that the confession had previously been ruled admissible after a hearing. I decline to presume that lay jurors would appreciate the distinction. The practical effect of such a line of commentary is simply to impress upon the jury that the trial court had already engaged in some manner of extraordinary analysis of the propriety of the confession and arrived at a conclusion unfavorable to the defendant. It would be splitting semantic hairs for us to find otherwise. However, by the same extrapolation from established caselaw, such an error must be subject to review for harmlessness. Under the circumstances of this case, I find the statements erroneous but harmless.
First, I think it likely that the officer’s remark that he did not "appreciate" the trial court’s statement blunted the latter’s effect on the jury. Given that the trial court cut off the prosecutor’s questioning, I doubt the jury would have unambiguously understood it to favor the prosecution or the defense. More importantly, the trial court properly instructed the jury that its rulings and comments were not evidence, that the jury must disregard any opinion it believed the judge might have, and that the jury was the sole judge of the facts. Juries are presumed to follow their instructions "unless there is an overwhelming probability that the jury will be unable to follow the court’s instructions, and a strong likelihood that the effect of the evidence would be devastating to the defendant." People v. Dennis , 464 Mich. 567, 581, 628 N.W.2d 502 (2001) (quotation marks and citation omitted). As noted, I think the effect the trial court’s statement might have had on the jury to be fairly mild. Significantly, ample other evidence was properly admitted establishing both the content of defendant’s statement and the fact that he had not been advised of his Miranda rights when he allegedly made it. Finally, defendant’s theory of the case, as reflected by closing argument to the jury, was that the other people ostensibly involved in the alleged crimes were unreliable or absent, and possibly that the police officers were incompetent.
The overwhelming likelihood is that the trial court’s erroneous remark, although clearly intemperate and unwise, had little to no effect on the outcome of the case. My conclusion in this regard is limited to the facts and circumstances before us, and I would expressly decline to craft a bright-line rule regarding reversal, or whether a similar error would be harmless or outcome-determinative in any other case. I hold only that in this case, defendant was not deprived of a fair trial on the basis of the erroneous commentary, and the trial court properly declined to grant him relief from judgment on that basis. I therefore do not consider any argument pertaining to the absence of this or any other issue from defendant’s prior appeal.
Affirmed.
I concur in result only in respect to the evidentiary issue. I will join the lead opinion in respect to all the other issues.
Throughout any juror’s courtroom experience, a trial judge makes innumerable rulings on the admissibility of evidence. Sometimes those rulings are made in the presence of the jury; sometimes they are made outside the presence of the jury. But either way, they are rulings that are necessary to the conduct of a trial, and jurors are properly made to understand that. Both at the outset of a trial and at its conclusion, juries are therefore generally instructed regarding what constitutes evidence, the judge’s role in determining admissibility of evidence, and the jury’s role as fact-finder and weigher of credibility.
It is in this context that we must evaluate the issue presented in this case. Before trial, defendant moved to suppress his alleged (and allegedly unprompted) statement to police officers that "I broke into [the] house but the guy had the gun." The trial court held a Walker1 hearing and determined that the statement was admissible.
At the outset of the trial, the trial court delivered its preliminary instructions to the jury, including that statements of attorneys are not evidence, that the jury must decide the case based only on the admitted evidence, that the jury was ultimately responsible for determining which witnesses or portions of witness testimony to believe, and that the trial court’s rulings on objections to statements made by witnesses were based on the law and were not meant to reflect the opinion of the court on the facts of the case. The jury affirmed that it would follow the trial court’s instructions.
Among the witnesses who testified at trial was one of the officers in question, and among the subjects on which he was questioned was the statement that the trial court had determined at the Walker hearing to be admissible. During the prosecution’s redirect examination of the officer, the following colloquy occurred:
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