People v. Snelling, 25107

• Decision Date: 03 May 1971
• Docket Number: No. 25107,25107
• Citation: 484 P.2d 784,174 Colo. 397
• Parties: The PEOPLE of the State of Colorado, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. Rollins C. SNELLING, Jr. and James J. White, Defendants-Appellees.
• Court: Colorado Supreme Court

Page 784

484 P.2d 784

174 Colo. 397

The PEOPLE of the State of Colorado, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. Rollins C. SNELLING, Jr. and James J. White, Defendants-Appellees.

No. 25107.

Supreme Court of Colorado, En Banc.

May 3, 1971.

David L. Wood, Dist. Atty., Loren B. Schall, Deputy Dist. Atty., Fort Collins, for plaintiff-appellant.

Leonard E. Davies, Denver, John O. Walker, Fort Collins, for defendants-appellees.

HODGES, Justice.

The trial court, after a hearing, granted defendants' motion to suppress evidence obtained by the police pursuant to a warrantless search of a van in which defendants Snelling and White were occupants. On behalf of the People, it is contended that probable cause existed for the warrantless arrests of the defendants, and that the search of the van was therefore valid as being incident to lawful arrests. We agree and therefore reverse the ruling of the trial court.

On June 24, 1970, a confidental informant gave the following information to Detective Robert Lambert of the narcotics division of the Fort Collins Police Department: (1) a white and red van had previously delivered narcotics to 1610 Peterson Place in Fort Collins; (2) the van was to deliver more narcotics on June 25, 1970 and that marijuana was to be broken down into saleable packages at that time; (3) the informant learned this information by direct conversation with Craig Ferris who lived at 1610 Peterson Place; (4) the van in question was red and white with flowered curtains in the side windows and Mr. Snelling, whom the informant had met, would be one of the occupants of the van on June 25th; (5) Mr. Snelling's description; (6) Mr. Snelling had 'come and gone' when the informant had his conversation with Craig Ferris and Ferris told the informant that '(Snelling) had come and gone with narcotics and what have you.'

Detective Lambert stated that the informant was personally known to him over the past three years, that he had not before been an informant in a criminal case, that Lambert had contact with the informant two or three times per week in connection with police work, and that the informant was a 'plain citizen' with no criminal record to Lambert's knowledge.

On June 25, 1970, at about 6:00 P.M., Detective Lambert and other police officers, acting on the informer's tip, began surveillance of 1610 Peterson Place. At about 8:00 P.M., while still daylight (because of Daylight Savings time), a red and white van with flowered curtains in the windows arrived at the address and two male occupants, one answering the description of defendant Snelling, got out of the van. An undercover man, Officer Bates, was in the immediate proximity of 1610 Peterson Place and was in radio communication with Detective Lambert, whose unmarked car was stationed some 35 feet down the street from the above address. From Officer Bates' radio contacts Detective Lambert learned that defendant Snelling carried into the house a package covered by a cloth shirt and about the size used to carry a 'kilo' of marijuana.

Later in the evening, undercover policeman Bates, by radio contact, informed Detective Lambert that since the surveillance commenced, he had had the opportunity to play 'frisbee' with Ferris on the lawn in front of the house at 1610 Peterson Place and that at one point, Ferris asked Bates to smell his (Ferris') hands. Bates did and Ferris' hands appeared to him to have the smell of marijuana.

Finally, about 11:30 P.M., defendants Snelling and White, Craig Ferris and a girl friend helped load grocery-size bags into the van. Officer Miller, who lived across the street, and who was also in radio communication with Detective Lambert, came to Lambert's car and told him that small packages and plastic bags were being loaded into the van. Officer Bates radioed to Lambert, 'They are holding. Arrest them when they leave the premises.' Thereupon, the van departed. After traveling several blocks, it was stopped, defendant occupants were arrested, and a search of the van pursuant to the arrest turned up three kilos of marijuana, another 24-ounces of marijuana in plastic bags and a revolver. The marijuana seized is the evidence which defendants sought to suppress in their motion.

Parenthetically, we note that this court earlier affirmed a denial of a motion to suppress evidence seized upon a search of 1610 Peterson Place, Fort Collins, based upon a search warrant. People v. Ferris, Colo., 480 P.2d 552. The facts in Ferris are related to the events in the instant case.

This court has had many occasions to expound upon the subject of probable cause and the requirements for establishing it. Among our most recent opinions involving probable cause based upon hearsay see People v. Navran, Colo., 483 P.2d 228 (1971); People v. Brethauer, Colo., 482 P.2d 369; Smaldone v. People, Colo., 479 P.2d 973; and People v. Martinez, Colo., 475 P.2d 340. Further explanation here of the basic principles relating to what constitutes probable cause, as elicited in these cases, would only be...