Petersen v. United Services Auto. Ass'n, 16626-1-III

• Decision Date: 26 May 1998
• Docket Number: No. 16626-1-III,16626-1-III
• Citation: 91 Wn.App. 212,955 P.2d 852
• Parties: Myrna PETERSEN, Respondent, v. UNITED SERVICES AUTOMOBILE ASSOCIATION, Appellant.
• Court: Washington Court of Appeals

Page 212

91 Wn.App. 212

955 P.2d 852

Myrna PETERSEN, Respondent, v. UNITED SERVICES AUTOMOBILE ASSOCIATION, Appellant.

No. 16626-1-III.

Court of Appeals of Washington,

Division 3,

Panel Seven.

May 26, 1998.

Gervais W. McAuliffe Iii, Chase Haskell Hayes & Kalamon, Spokane, for Appellant.

Ronald K. Mullin, Mullin Etter & Cronin PS, Spokane, for Respondent.

Bryan P. Harnetiaux, Debra L. Stephens, Spokane, Amicus Curiae on behalf of Wash. State Trial Law.

KATO, Judge.

After an auto accident, Myrna Petersen made an underinsured motorist claim (UIM) with her insurer, United Services Automobile Association (USAA). After arbitration, Ms. Petersen was awarded $149,535. She attempted to reduce the award to judgment, but USAA objected because it had requested a trial de novo pursuant to an insurance policy provision. The court enforced the arbitration award and granted Ms. Petersen attorney fees. Contending it was entitled to a trial de novo and the court erred by awarding attorney fees, USAA appeals. We affirm.

In April 1994, Ms. Petersen was struck by an uninsured motorist. She filed a claim with USAA, her insurance carrier, for UIM benefits. USAA disputed the nature and extent of her injuries so the parties proceeded to arbitration under the policy's arbitration clause.

The insurance policy provided that any decision of the arbitrators would be binding unless either side demanded a trial de novo within 60 days of the arbitration award. In October 1996, Ms. Petersen was awarded $149,535 in damages after arbitration. USAA timely requested a trial de novo. Ms. Petersen moved in the superior court to reduce the arbitration award to judgment.

USAA filed a response to the motion to reduce the award to judgment and also sought declaratory relief. The insurer objected to the entry of judgment on the arbitration award because it had requested a trial de novo. USAA requested declaratory relief that (1) the trial de novo provision of the policy was valid and enforceable; (2) it be allowed to request and seek a trial de novo; (3) attempted enforcement of its contractual provision was not bad faith; and (4) Ms. Petersen was not entitled to attorney fees.

Both parties moved for summary judgment on the validity of the policy's clause permitting a trial de novo. The parties agreed that USAA's request for declaratory relief as to a bad faith determination was not before the court. Finding the insurance clause was within the purview of the arbitration statute, RCW 7.04, the court determined it was unenforceable and void as against public policy. The court granted Ms. Petersen's motion for summary judgment and reduced the arbitration award to judgment. It also awarded her $9,000 in attorney fees. The insurer's motion for reconsideration of the award of attorney fees was denied. USAA appeals.

When reviewing an order of summary judgment this court engages in the same inquiry as the trial court. Schelinski v. Midwest Mut. Ins. Co., 71 Wash.App. 783, 787, 863 P.2d 564 (1993). Interpretation of insurance policies is a question of law. American Star Ins. Co. v. Grice, 121 Wash.2d 869, 874, 854 P.2d 622 (1993).

The relevant portion of the arbitration clause in Ms. Petersen's insurance policy states:

A decision agreed to by two of the arbitrators will be binding as to:

1. Whether the covered person is legally entitled to recover damages; and

2. The amount of damages, unless either party demands the right to a trial within 60 days of the arbitrators' decision. If this demand is not made, the amount of damages agreed to by the arbitrators will be binding.

(Emphasis added.) USAA contends the clause's failure to reference RCW 7.04 indicates that contract law, not the statute, controls. But in Washington, arbitration is indeed controlled by RCW 7.04, a statute that "amounts to a code of arbitration." Price v. Farmers Ins. Co., 133 Wash.2d 490, 495, 946 P.2d 388 (1997) (quoting Northern State Constr. Co. v. Banchero, 63 Wash.2d 245, 249, 386 P.2d 625 (1963)).

RCW 7.04.010 provides:

Two or more parties may agree in writing to submit to arbitration, in conformity with the provisions of this chapter, any controversy which may be the subject of an action existing between them at the time of the agreement to submit, or they may include in a written agreement a provision to settle by arbitration any controversy thereafter arising between them out of or in relation to such an agreement. Such agreement shall be valid, enforceable and irrevocable save upon any such grounds as exist in law or equity for the revocation of any agreement.

Arbitration is a statutorily recognized special proceeding with the rights of the parties being controlled by the statute, RCW 7.04. Price, 133 Wash.2d at 496, 946 P.2d 388. "Arbitration traces its existence and jurisdiction first to the parties' contract and then to the arbitration statute itself." Id. (footnote omitted). USAA and Ms. Petersen agreed to arbitrate; RCW 7.04 governs the rights of the parties thereafter. The arbitration statute controls in determining the validity of the trial de novo clause.

Under RCW 7.04 the superior court's authority in arbitration proceedings is limited to confirming, vacating, modifying, or correcting the award. RCW 7.04.150-.170; Munsey v. Walla Walla College, 80 Wash.App. 92, 95-96, 906 P.2d 988 (1995). Unless the court has grounds to vacate, modify, or correct the award, RCW 7.04.150 requires the court to reduce the award to judgment. Price, 133 Wash.2d at 497, 946 P.2d 388. A court may vacate an arbitration award if (1) it was procured by corruption, fraud, or other undue means; (2) the arbitrators were biased or corrupt; (3) the arbitrators were guilty of misconduct; (4) the arbitrators exceeded their powers; or (5) no valid arbitration agreement exists. RCW 7.04.160. A court may modify or correct an award if (1) there was an evident miscalculation; (2) the arbitrators made an award upon a matter not submitted to them; or (3) the award is imperfect in its form. RCW 7.04.170.

Here, the court reduced the arbitration award to judgment. ¹ The trial de novo clause does not override RCW 7.04. There is no dispute that none of the statutory circumstances permitting vacation, modification, or correction of the award were present. In these circumstances, the court was required to confirm the arbitration award. ² The court did not err by granting summary judgment for Ms. Petersen.

Furthermore, Washington's strong public policy in favor of arbitration supports invalidating the trial de novo clause. The purpose of arbitration is to avoid the courts to resolve a dispute. Boyd v. Davis, 127 Wash.2d 256, 262, 897 P.2d 1239 (1995). Encouraging parties to submit voluntarily their disputes to arbitration is an increasingly important objective in our litigious society. This objective would be frustrated if a trial court were permitted to review de novo an arbitration award. Id.

A court may not look beyond the face of the arbitration award. Price, 133 Wash.2d at 496-97, 946 P.2d 388. Nor may a court conduct a trial de novo or search the four corners of the document to determine the parties' intent. Id. at 497, 946 P.2d 388; Boyd, 127 Wash.2d at 262-63, 897 P.2d 1239. Parties may not create their own...