Peterson v. Iowa Dept. of Transp., 92-1822

• Decision Date: 24 November 1993
• Docket Number: No. 92-1822,92-1822
• Citation: 508 N.W.2d 689
• Parties: Douglas Allen PETERSON, Appellant, v. IOWA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION, Appellee.
• Court: Iowa Supreme Court

Page 689

508 N.W.2d 689

Douglas Allen PETERSON, Appellant, v. IOWA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION, Appellee.

No. 92-1822.

Supreme Court of Iowa.

Nov. 24, 1993.

Edward Bjornstad, Storm Lake, for appellant.

Bonnie J. Campbell, Atty. Gen., David A. Ferree, Sp. Asst. Atty. Gen., and Kerry Anderson, Asst. Atty. Gen., for appellee.

Considered by McGIVERIN, C.J., and LARSON, NEUMAN, ANDREASEN, and TERNUS, JJ.

NEUMAN, Justice.

The Iowa Department of Transportation temporarily revoked appellant Douglas Peterson's driver's license following his arrest for driving while intoxicated. On appeal, Peterson challenges the department's reliance on the arresting officer's sworn statement--in lieu of live testimony--to uphold the revocation. The agency, and the district court on judicial review, found that the error Peterson now claims was not properly preserved for appeal. We affirm.

In December 1991, Peterson was arrested and charged with driving while intoxicated in violation of Iowa Code section 321J.2 (1991). He consented to a chemical test which yielded a blood alcohol concentration of .128. Accordingly the department revoked his driving privileges for one year. See Iowa Code § 321J.12.

Peterson subsequently challenged his license revocation in a telephonic hearing before an administrative law judge (ALJ). Neither he nor the arresting officer testified. Peterson offered the testimony of two witnesses, however, to support the only issue contested: whether the trooper observed Peterson for the requisite fifteen minutes prior to administering the intoxilyzer test. See Iowa Admin.Code r. 661-7.2 (1991). The record revealed that Peterson was arrested at 12:45 a.m. and the test was administered at 1 a.m. Thus the ALJ refused to rescind the revocation.

On appeal to the department director from the ALJ's ruling, Peterson renewed his challenge to the validity of the intoxilyzer results and added a new claim as well: that the record furnished insufficient proof that the trooper had reasonable grounds to believe Peterson had driven while intoxicated. This factor, a condition precedent to testing under Iowa Code section 321J.6, had been established by the department through the trooper's signed report, offered into evidence without objection from Peterson. Peterson's appeal claimed for the first time that such hearsay, standing alone, could not establish the department's adherence to statutory procedure. The director found that Peterson failed to preserve error on this claim and denied his appeal. The district court affirmed the ruling on judicial review. This appeal followed.

I. Department of transportation decisions are subject to judicial review under Iowa Code chapter 17A. Iowa Code § 321J.14. Our review on appeal from the district court is for the correction of errors at law. Office of Consumer Advocate v. Iowa State Commerce Comm'n, 465 N.W.2d 280, 281 (Iowa 1991).

II. Iowa Code section 321J.12 governs the conditions under which the department may temporarily revoke the license of a person cited for driving while intoxicated. The statute provides:

Upon certification, subject to penalty for perjury, by the peace officer that there existed reasonable grounds to believe that the person had been operating a motor vehicle in violation of section 321J.2, that there existed one or more of the necessary conditions for chemical testing described in section 321J.6, subsection 1, and that the person submitted to chemical testing and the test results indicated an alcohol concentration as defined in section 321J.1 of .10 or more, the department shall revoke the person's motor vehicle license....

Iowa Code § 321J.12. Among the "necessary conditions for chemical testing" listed under section 321J.6(1) is proof that "[a] peace officer has lawfully placed the person under arrest for violation of section 321J.2." Iowa Code § 321J.6(1)(a).

All three elements of section 321J.12 must be proven before the department is warranted in revoking a license. Westendorf v. Iowa Dep't of Transp., 400 N.W.2d 553, 555 (Iowa 1987). A driver contesting a revocation may challenge only whether the arresting officer had reasonable grounds to believe that the person was operating under the influence and (1) whether the driver refused the test, or (2) whether the test administered resulted in an alcohol concentration of .10 or more. Iowa Code § 321J.13(2)(a), (b). At the hearing, the contestant bears the burden of showing compliance with the implied consent law and the arresting officer's failure to satisfy its procedural requirements. Mary v. Iowa Dep't of Transp., 382 N.W.2d 128, 132 (Iowa 1986); McCrea v. Iowa Dep't of Transp., 336 N.W.2d 427, 429 (Iowa 1983).

III. Peterson correctly asserts that a trooper's sworn statement, while generally admissible in administrative proceedings, may--standing alone--lack "sufficient probative force" to support the requisite "reasonable grounds" standard under section 321J.12. Nieman v. Iowa Dep't of Transp., 452 N.W.2d 203, 205 (Iowa App.1989). The dispositive question before us, however, is not whether substantial evidence supports the department's ruling on appeal, but whether Peterson's belated hearsay challenge was correctly rejected by the department director, and the district court, on preservation of error grounds.

Peterson contends that by raising the issue of reasonable grounds at the departmental appeal, he...