Price v. Watkins, 84-151

• Decision Date: 29 October 1984
• Docket Number: No. 84-151,84-151
• Citation: 678 S.W.2d 762,283 Ark. 502
• Parties: Joe PRICE, In His Capacity as Administrator of the Estate of Ray F. Price, Deceased, Jacky Y. Harris and Frozen Food Express, Inc., Appellants, v. Russell U. WATKINS, Appellee.
• Court: Arkansas Supreme Court

Page 762

678 S.W.2d 762

283 Ark. 502

Joe PRICE, In His Capacity as Administrator of the Estate of Ray F. Price, Deceased, Jacky Y. Harris and Frozen Food Express, Inc., Appellants, v. Russell U. WATKINS, Appellee.

No. 84-151.

Supreme Court of Arkansas.

Oct. 29, 1984.

Butler, Hicky, Hicky & Routon, Ltd. by Philip Hicky, II, Forrest City, for appellant Joe Price.

Fletcher Long, Jr., Forrest City, for appellants Jacky Y. Harris and Frozen Food Express, Inc.

B. Michael Easley and Dan Dane, Forrest City, for appellee.

HAYS, Justice.

Russell Watkins, appellee, recovered a judgment in the trial court for injuries sustained when his pickup truck was struck by a tractor-trailer driven by appellant, Jacky Harris, and owned by appellant, Frozen Food Express, Inc.

Watkins had been asked by a neighbor, Ray Price, to follow him from Forrest City to Blytheville to help move some furniture. East of Crowley's Ridge they encountered fog. Price started weaving and stopped diagonally in the highway with his left front wheel over the mid-line. Watkins testified he pulled off on the shoulder and got out of his car to see about Price. He went to Price's side of the car and found him too sick to move. Watkins heard a truck skidding and ran to the shoulder where he was struck, evidently by his own truck, sustaining the injuries complained of. Price avoided the collision by driving forward just as the tractor-trailer skidded into Watkins' truck.

The jury awarded Watkins $125,000 and apportioned fault at 25% to Price and 75% to Harris and Frozen Foods. Harris, Frozen Foods and the administrator of Price's estate ¹ have appealed. Five points for reversal are made. We affirm the judgment.

I

Appellants contend the evidence does not support the jury's failure to assign any negligence to Watkins. Noting that any evidence does not equate with substantial evidence [citing Arkansas State Highway Commission v. Covert, 232 Ark. 463, 338 S.W.2d 196 (1960) ], they submit that if Watkins was parked on the pavement of the highway in a fog he was guilty of some negligence when an adequate shoulder was available. There was evidence to the effect that Watkins' truck was parked in the right hand lane of the highway: Harris so testified, an investigating officer said Watkins told him that; an expert witness called by Watkins acknowledged that possibility; and debris and skid marks gave some support to that proposition. The evidence on that score would doubtless have supported such a finding, even so, it was not conclusive. Watkins testified that his vehicle was on the shoulder and some physical evidence supported him; we cannot say his version of the collision was an impossibility. Granted, an abridgment of the proof renders that premise more plausible, but the jury hears the witnesses in person and in detail, and observes proof not readily available to us. There were, for example, numerous photographs of the accident scene and the vehicles which are not reproduced in the briefs. We make no attempt to summarize the proof pro and con, as we need only consider the evidence favorable to Watkins. In that light we cannot say substantial evidence was lacking. Haynes v. Farm Bureau Mutual Insurance Co., 11 Ark.App. 289, 669 S.W.2d 511 (1984); St. Paul Fire and Marine Insurance Co. v. Prothro, 266 Ark. 1020, 590 S.W.2d 35 (1979).

II

Appellants contend the size of the verdict is not supported by substantial evidence and is so excessive as to shock the conscience. They recognize the jury's verdict will ordinarily not be disturbed on appeal unless wholly without support in the evidence, or may be said to be the result of passion or prejudice, or to shock the conscience or a sense of justice. Bradley v. Hendricks, 251 Ark. 733, 474 S.W.2d 677 (1972); Arkansas Amusement Corporation v. Ward, 204 Ark. 130, 161 S.W.2d 178 (1942).

Watkins' injuries included four broken ribs, a collapsed lung and a concussion. He was hospitalized for twenty-eight days. There is no indication of residual impairment and no loss of earnings. His medical expenses totaled $6,103.84, in addition to property damage of $3,035.00. Watkins and other witnesses testified to a great deal of pain during and following his hospitalization and he continued to have pain four years later at the time of trial. He relies on tranquilizers and has an inability to sleep. Watkins' wife attested to his suffering since the accident.

Finding the point at which damages cease being merely high and become so excessive as to require intervention is a particularly difficult task with little guidance to be found. In the end, the jury's assessment of the measure to be given the elements of a verdict is perhaps as good a guide as any. Here pain and suffering seem to have been the principal constituent, but we cannot say the proof fails to support the amount awarded, given our tradition of permitting the jury to determine the appropriate amount. This verdict is higher than might ordinarily be expected, but not much else can be said about it. Finding no hint of passion, prejudice or other improper influence we believe the verdict must stand. Arkansas State Highway Commission v. Muswick Cigar and Beverage Company, 231 Ark. 265, 329 S.W.2d 173 (1959).

III

Appellants claim it was an abuse of discretion to permit witness Larry Williams to testify as a reconstruction expert. Appellants do not especially challenge Williams' credentials as an expert, rather they argue that his conclusions are faulty. Williams' testimony for the most part involved an opinion as to the speed of the Harris truck and which of its tires left skid marks.

Prior to the enactment of the Uniform Rules of Evidence our cases looked with disfavor on reconstruction of accidents by expert testimony. But we have liberalized that position somewhat since the URE. We need look no further than two recent cases: B. & J. Byers Trucking, Inc. v. Robinson, 281 Ark. 442, 665 S.W.2d 258 (1984) and Smith and Vaughn v. Davis, 281 Ark. 122, 663 S.W.2d 165 (1983). In Byers, we defined the current status of the rule:

Counsel's objection, that Arkansas case law does not permit any reconstruction of an accident, was not accurate. In Woodward v. Blythe, 249 Ark. 793, 462 S.W.2d 205 (1971), we adhered to our earlier position that attempts to reconstruct traffic accidents by means of expert testimony "are viewed with disfavor," but we nevertheless held that expert testimony was necessary in that case for an understanding by the jurors of the physical dynamics and causal relationships involved in the accident. Again, in Wright v. Flagg, 256 Ark....