Randolph v. Lambert, No. 2004-CA-02169-COA.

• Decision Date: 18 April 2006
• Docket Number: No. 2004-CA-02169-COA.
• Citation: 926 So.2d 941
• Parties: Linda Kaye RANDOLPH, Appellant v. Laurence L. LAMBERT, LLL Properties, Inc., BP Properties, Inc. and Frank P. Wittmann, III, Appellees.
• Court: Mississippi Court of Appeals

926 So.2d 941

Linda Kaye RANDOLPH, Appellant v. Laurence L. LAMBERT, LLL Properties, Inc., BP Properties, Inc. and Frank P. Wittmann, III, Appellees.

No. 2004-CA-02169-COA.

Court of Appeals of Mississippi.

April 18, 2006.

Ray T. Price, Hattiesburg, attorney for appellant.

Floyd J. Logan, Sherrie L. Moore, Gulfport, attorneys for appellees.

Before MYERS, P.J., CHANDLER and ROBERTS, JJ.

CHANDLER, J., for the Court.

¶ 1. Laurence Lambert filed suit against Linda Randolph for breach of contract. Randolph filed a motion for summary judgment and a counterclaim, which alleged the filing of a frivolous lawsuit under the Litigation Accountability Act. The Circuit Court of Harrison County granted Randolph's motion for summary judgment before Lambert filed an answer to the counterclaim. Thereafter, Randolph obtained new counsel and filed an amended counter-complaint adding Lambert's counsel, Frank Wittmann, III, as a defendant and asserting additional claims of intentional infliction of emotional distress and negligent infliction of emotional distress. Lambert filed a motion for summary judgment and Wittmann filed a motion to dismiss. Both motions were granted and Randolph appeals.

I. WHETHER THE LITIGATION ACCOUNTABILITY ACT WAS USED PROPERLY AS A CAUSE OF ACTION

II. WHETHER THE INTENTIONAL INFLICTION OF EMOTIONAL DISTRESS CLAIM WAS TIME BARRED UNDER THE CONTINUING TORT DOCTRINE

III. WHETHER THE COURT ERRED IN DISMISSING THE INTENTIONAL INFLICTION OF EMOTIONAL DISTRESS CLAIMS

IV. WHETHER THE COURT ERRED IN DISMISSING THE NEGLIGENT INFLICTION OF EMOTIONAL DISTRESS CLAIMS

V. WHETHER WITTMANN WAS ON NOTICE OF THE CLAIM AND A NECESSARY PARTY TO THE LITIGATION

¶ 2. Finding no error, we affirm.

FACTS

¶ 3. On June 5, 2000, Randolph purchased a piece of property from Lambert. Subsequently, Randolph sold the property to Edwin Pearson. On April 24, 2001, Lambert filed a lawsuit against Randolph which claimed that Randolph failed to honor an oral contract to split the profits on the sale to Pearson. Randolph filed a counterclaim which alleged the filing of a frivolous lawsuit under the Litigation Accountability Act. Randolph also filed a motion for summary judgment which the court granted on September 27, 2002, dismissing Lambert's claims. When the motion for summary judgment was granted, Lambert had not filed an answer to Randolph's counterclaim. Lambert filed a motion to set aside the judgment which was overruled by the trial court. Lambert did not appeal.

¶ 4. Subsequently, Randolph obtained new counsel and on May 5, 2003, she filed an amended counterclaim. The amended counterclaim alleged the filing of the frivolous lawsuit under the Litigation Accountability Act and asserted the additional claim of intentional infliction of emotional distress or, in the alternative, negligent infliction of emotional distress. The counterclaim alleges that the counter-defendants "knew or should have known through the use of due diligence that the lawsuit was filed without substantial justification, frivolous, groundless in fact and in law, and vexatious." Randolph claims that she suffered severe emotional distress throughout the course of the original suit and she suffered detriment to her business as a real estate investor. Randolph feared the lawsuit would have an adverse effect on her business reputation. As a result of the emotional distress, Randolph became depressed. Randolph was prescribed Paxil by her family physician and she saw a cardiologist for her increasing blood pressure.

¶ 5. In the amended counterclaim, Randolph also named Lambert's counsel, Frank P. Wittmann, as a defendant. No leave of the trial court was requested by Randolph to add Wittmann as a defendant and Wittmann was not served with process. Wittmann filed an answer and a motion to dismiss the amended counterclaim for insufficient service of process, improper joinder and expiration of the statute of limitations. Additionally, Lambert filed a motion for summary judgment and Wittmann joined the motion. On September 30, 2004, the Circuit Court of Harrison County granted Lambert's motion for summary judgment and Wittmann's motion to dismiss.

STANDARD OF REVIEW

¶ 6. Lambert was granted his motion for summary judgment against Randolph's amended counter complaint claims. A moving party is entitled to a summary judgment as a matter of law when there is no genuine issue of material fact. M.R.C.P. 56(c). The standard of review for a summary judgment is de novo.

¶ 7. The trial court granted Wittmann's motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim under Rule 12(b)(6) of the Mississippi Rules of Civil Procedure. A Rule 12(b)(6) motion to dismiss tests the legal sufficiency of the complaint. Little v. Mississippi Dep't. of Human Services, 835 So.2d 9, 11 (¶ 6) (Miss.2003). To grant a motion to dismiss under Rule 12(b)(6), the trial court must be certain that Randolph is entitled to no relief under any set of facts that could be proved in support of the claim. Franklin County Co-op v. MFC Services (A.A.L), 441 So.2d 1376, 1377 (Miss.1983). Because a motion to dismiss is a question of law, the standard of review is de novo. UHS-Qualicare, Inc. v. Gulf Coast Cmty. Hosp., Inc., 525 So.2d 746, 754 (Miss.1987).

LAW AND ANALYSIS

I. WHETHER THE LITIGATION ACCOUNTABILITY ACT WAS USED PROPERLY AS A CAUSE OF ACTION

¶8. The Litigation Accountability Act of 1988 states in pertinent part:

in any civil action commenced or appealed in any court of record in this state, the court shall award, as part of its judgment and in addition to any other costs otherwise assessed, reasonable attorney's fees and costs against any party or attorney if the court, upon the motion of any party or on its own motion, finds that an attorney or party brought an action, or asserted any claim or defense, that is without substantial justification, or that the action, or any claim or defense asserted, was interposed for delay or harassment, or if it finds that an attorney or party unnecessarily expanded the proceedings by other improper conduct including, but not limited to, abuse of discovery procedures available under the Mississippi Rules of Civil Procedure.

Miss.Code Ann. § 11-55-5(1) (Rev.2002). Therefore, the Litigation Accountability Act allows the court to award the prevailing party for encountering unnecessary expenses in order to vindicate a state protected right. Id. The court will only award fees when a party brings frivolous or bad faith litigation. Young v. Deaton, 766 So.2d 819, 822 (¶ 12) (Miss.Ct.App.2000).

¶ 9. Randolph claims that the Litigation Accountability Act may be properly brought before the court as a cause of action. Lambert claims that the act is a remedy for frivolous actions and not a cause of action itself. Lambert contends that the statute states the court shall award fees for frivolous action "upon the motion of any party or on its own motion" and therefore, the statute is clear that the Litigation Accountability Act is to be brought as a motion and not as an independent cause of action.

¶ 10. The trial court agreed with Lambert. The court opined that "the intent of the legislature, when it crafted the above mentioned statute, was to provide a remedy in addition to the one provided for by Rule 11 of the M.R.C.P., for improper conduct related to the prosecution or defense of a lawsuit." The trial court interpreted the statute strictly and held that the statute requires a party seeking relief under the statute to do so by motion. The court held that the purpose of the statute was clearly to provide the courts with an additional sanctioning mechanism, not to create a cause of action. This Court agrees with the ruling of the trial court.

¶ 11. The clear language of the statute shows that the legislature intended for the Litigation Accountability Act to be brought in motion form and not as a cause of action. Mississippi Code Annotated section 11-55-5(1) states "the court shall award, as part of its judgment and in addition to any other costs assessed, reasonable attorney's fees. . . ." This language support's the trial court's ruling that the award of any costs under the act would be awarded "as part" of the judgment and "in addition to any other costs assessed" from the judgment. This indicates that the award would be part of the original action, assessed with other costs involved in the original action, not an independent judgment in and of itself.

¶ 12. Additionally, the language of the statute specifically states that the claim is to be brought "upon motion of any party or on its own motion." This Court is bound by the clear language of the statute which makes clear the legislature intended the claim to be brought on motion and not as an independent cause of action. Based upon the plain reading of the statute, the Litigation Accountability Act is not an independent cause of action.

II. WHETHER THE INTENTIONAL INFLICTION OF EMOTIONAL DISTRESS CLAIM WAS TIME BARRED UNDER THE CONTINUING TORT DOCTRINE

¶ 13. Lambert filed the original suit against Randolph on April 20, 2001. On May 6, 2003, Randolph filed the amended counterclaim which added the additional claim of intentional infliction of emotional distress or, in the alternative, negligent infliction of emotional distress. Lambert contends that the claim for intentional infliction of emotional distress is time barred because the statute of limitations is one year. Miss.Code Ann. § 15-1-35 (Rev.2002). Randolph argues that the intentional infliction of emotional distress was a continuing tort. If the claim is a continuing tort, the statute of limitations does not begin to run until the date of the last injury. Smith v. Sneed, 638 So.2d 1252, 1255 (Miss.1994). Randolph claims the date of the last injury was the day that the summary judgment was granted by the lower court; therefore, her claim was timely filed.

¶ 14. A continuing tort is a tort that is "inflicted over a period of time; it involves a wrongful...