Ray Bell Construction Company v. King

• Decision Date: 05 January 2006
• Docket Number: No. A05A2216.,A05A2216.
• Citation: 625 S.E.2d 541,277 Ga. App. 144
• Parties: RAY BELL CONSTRUCTION COMPANY et al. v. KING.
• Court: Georgia Court of Appeals

277 Ga. App. 144

625 S.E.2d 541

RAY BELL CONSTRUCTION COMPANY et al. v. KING.

No. A05A2216.

Court of Appeals of Georgia.

January 5, 2006.

Edwin G. Russell, Jr., Alpharetta, for appellants.

Timothy V. Hanofee, Atlanta, for appellee.

BLACKBURN, Presiding Judge.

In this discretionary appeal, Ray Bell Construction Company and St. Paul Fire & Marine Insurance (collectively "Ray Bell") appeal a superior court order affirming an award of workers' compensation benefits to Angela King, the mother and guardian of the minor child of Howard King, deceased, who was employed by Ray Bell. Ray Bell contends that no competent evidence supported the award. We disagree and affirm.

When reviewing a workers' compensation award, the evidence must be construed in the light most favorable to the party prevailing before the appellate division. When supported by any evidence, findings of fact by the Board are conclusive and binding on reviewing courts, and judges lack authority to set aside an award based on disagreement with the Board's conclusions.

(Citation omitted.) Ga.-Pacific Corp. v. Wilson.¹

So viewed, the record shows that Ray Bell employed Howard as a construction superintendent on a job site in Jackson, Butts County. As part of his employment, Howard lived in company housing in Fayetteville, provided by his employer so that he could live close to the job site. Ray Bell allowed Howard the use of a company-owned truck for work and personal use.

On a Sunday, prior to resuming work on Monday after being out for a week recovering from knee surgery, Howard drove in the company-owned truck from Fayetteville to Alamo to deliver family furniture to a storage shed on property he owned. On Howard's return trip, he was severely injured in Monroe County (adjacent to Butts County) when another vehicle crossed the interstate median and collided with his vehicle. The administrative law judge ("ALJ") found that Howard, who was carrying Ray Bell tools in his truck, was returning to either his company housing in Fayetteville or to his job site in Butts County. Howard was taken to a hospital in Macon where he died the following day.

Pursuant to Georgia's workers' compensation statute, the ALJ cited to several doctrines to award dependency benefits to Angela, the mother and guardian of Howard's minor son. The Appellate Division of the State Board of Workers' Compensation (the "Board") affirmed the award but adopted only that portion of the ALJ's findings that relied on the "continuous employment" doctrine, which Board decision the superior court affirmed. Ray Bell filed this appeal.

To be compensable under Georgia workers' compensation law, an injury must arise "out of and in the course of the employment." OCGA § 34-9-1(4). Ray Bell contends that the superior court erred because no evidence showed that Howard's fatal injury arose out of and in the course of his employment, in that Howard was engaged in a purely personal mission when he was injured. Because evidence supported the Board's finding that the personal mission was at an end when the accident occurred, we affirm the Board's award in favor of Howard's family.

It is undisputed that Sunday, the day that Howard was injured, was not a regular working day for Howard, nor was he ever seen at the job site or otherwise working. However, as correctly held by the ALJ and by the Board, Howard was in a state of continuous employment: "The proper test to be applied is whether an employee while working away from his home is required by his employment to lodge and work within an area geographically limited by the necessity of being available for work on the employer's job site and is, in effect, in continuous employment." Boyd Bros. Transp. Co. v. Fonville.² Here, Howard was in continuous employment in that he was "required by [his] employment to lodge and work within an area geographically limited by the necessity of being available for work on the employer's job site." Wilson v. Ga. Power Co.³ Based on the evidence, the Board found this to be the "Fayetteville/Jackson area." The continuous employment doctrine applies to traveling employees such as Howard precisely because they are required by their employment to lodge and work within a particular geographic area different from where they would otherwise be, and are therefore exposed to the "perils of the highway and the hazards of hotels" while traveling for work. (Punctuation omitted.) Hartford Accident, etc., Co. v. Welker.⁴ See also Gen. Fire, etc., Co. v. Bellflower.⁵ Therefore, the scope of Howard's employment status for workers' compensation purposes was broader than the typical employee. See Wilson, supra.

Nevertheless, "[t]his does not mean that [Howard could] not step aside from his employment for personal reasons, or reasons in no way connected with his employment, just as might an ordinary employee working on a schedule of hours at a fixed location." Intl. Business Machines v. Bozardt.⁶ As found by the Board, Howard's trip to Alamo to deliver the furniture was precisely such an event, in which he stepped aside from his employer's business to attend to a personal mission.

But such a personal mission comes to an end when the traveling employee turns back to return to his lodging or work site. London Guarantee, etc., Co. v. Herndon.⁷ As Herndon explained, even assuming that Herndon may have taken a longer route "for his personal pleasure alone," the conclusion remains that when Herndon turned back to return to his apartment, "he again resumed the duties of his employment, and was so engaged when he met his death." Id. at at 181, 58 S.E.2d 510.

Based on this doctrine, the Board here correctly concluded:

In this case, the employee's accident did not arise on his way to Alamo, Georgia. Rather, the employee was injured by accident on his way to either his job site or his employer-provided apartment. The accident occurred while the employee was driving an employer-provided vehicle, carrying both personal and company tools. Thus, we find that while the employee arguably engaged in a deviation when he traveled to his storage shed in Alamo, Georgia, given all the evidence presented, the deviation had ended at the time of the accident.

This doctrine of "turning around," however, is not without qualification. It stands to reason that when the employee departs from his assigned geographic area to engage in a purely personal mission outside the designated area in which his employment requires him to be, an injury on such trip, even a return trip, does not arise out of and in the course of his employment under the continuous employment doctrine, while he...