Salmon v. Pearce

• Decision Date: 24 November 1943
• Docket Number: 460.
• Citation: 27 S.E.2d 647,223 N.C. 587
• Parties: SALMON v. PEARCE et al.
• Court: North Carolina Supreme Court

27 S.E.2d 647

223 N.C. 587

SALMON v. PEARCE et al.

No. 460.

Supreme Court of North Carolina

November 24, 1943

Civil action to recover damages for wrongful death resulting from pedestrian-automobile collision.

The individual defendant Pearce is regularly employed by the corporate defendant as an insurance agent in its Raleigh branch to solicit and sell insurance and to collect premiums from policyholders. In performing his duties he uses his own car, but the employer contributes $5 per week toward the payment of the expense.

At about 7:40 P.M. on September 4, 1942, Pearce, while traversing the intersection of Peace and Salisbury Streets in Raleigh in his automobile, ran into and struck plaintiff's intestate, inflicting injuries from which she died. There was evidence that he was traveling at an excessive rate of speed and was at the time under the influence of some intoxicant.

At the time of the accident he had on his car and in his possession an insurance or premium collection book furnished by his employer. He lived in the vicinity of the accident.

Pearce did not immediately stop at the scene of the accident, but drove on to railroad street, turned around, and drove back to the scene behind a traffic officer. After the officer had cleared the traffic and had helped place the plaintiff's intestate on an ambulance he talked to Pearce--five to ten minutes after he arrived. At that time Pearce stated that he "had been out to make a round of back calls and stopped at the filling station and got a bottle of beer and started home."

"Q. Did he say what the back call for whom he was making? A. He said to make a collection that he failed to make on his route; that he was going on his back call to make it."

As stated by another witness, he said: "He had been out collecting insurance and had been at work, and was on his way home and had stopped at Person Street Sandwich Shop to get a bottle of beer."

On objection by the corporate defendant the testimony as to what Pearce said was excluded as to it and admitted as against Pearce only. Plaintiff excepted.

At the conclusion of the evidence for plaintiff the court below entered judgment of nonsuit as to the corporate defendant. Plaintiff excepted, submitted to judgment of voluntary nonsuit as to Pearce, and appealed.

Sam J. Morris and J.M. Templeton, both of Raleigh for plaintiff-appellant.

T. Lacy Williams, of Raleigh, for defendant-appellee.

BARNHILL Justice.

It is apparent from this record that the judgment of nonsuit was bottomed on the conclusion that there was no sufficient evidence offered tending to show that Pearce at the time of the accident was about his master's business, so as to charge the insurance company with liability under the doctrine of respondeat superior. In this conclusion we concur.

The evidence tends to show negligence and general employment, and nothing more, There is no evidence that Pearce was, at the time and in respect to the transaction out of which the injury and death arose, engaged in discharging any duty of his employment.

Proof of general employment alone is not sufficient to impose liability. It must be made to appear that the particular act in which the employee was at the time engaged was within the scope of his employment and was being performed in the furtherance of his master's business. Tribble v Swinson, 213 N.C. 550, 196 S.E. 820; Liverman v Cline, 212 N.C. 43, 192 S.E. 849; Smith v. Moore, 220 N.C. 165, 16 S.E.2d 701, and cases cited; Grier v. Grier, 192 N.C. 760, 135 S.E. 852; Riddle v. Whisnant, 220 N.C. 131, 16 S.E.2d 698; Robinson v. Sears, Roebuck & Co., 216 N.C. 322, 4 S.E.2d 889; Cole v. Funeral Home, 207 N.C. 271, 176 S.E. 553; Van Landingham v. Sewing Machine Co., 207 N.C. 355, 177 S.E. 126; McLamb v. Beasley, 218 N.C. 308, 11 S.E.2d 283.

Presence of the premium collection book on the car owned by Pearce and used by him in discharging his duties does not supply the missing link. Van Landingham v. Sewing Machine Co., supra; Tribble v. Swinson, supra; Creech v. Linen Service Corp., 219 N.C. 457, 14 S.E.2d 408.

Barrow v. Keel, 213 N.C. 373, 196 S.E. 366, and Pinnix v. Griffin, 219 N.C. 35, 12 S.E.2d 667, relied on by plaintiff, are factually distinguishable.

Was there, then, error in the exclusion of the evidence relating to statements made by Pearce shortly after the accident?

Agency having been established either by proof or by admission, the declarations of the agent made in the course of his employment and within the scope of his agency and while he is engaged in the business (dum fervet opus) are competent as, in that case, they are, as it were, the declarations of the principal. Brittain v. Westall, 137 N.C. 30, 49 S.E. 54, and cases cited; Hunsucker v. Corbitt, 187 N.C. 496, 122 S.E. 378.

To be competent the statement must be made while the agent is engaged in transacting some authorized business and must be so connected with it as to constitute a part of the res gestae. It must be a part of the business on hand or the pending transaction, as regards which for certain purposes the law identifies the principal and the agent, Queen v. Dixie Fire Ins. Co., 177 N.C. 34, 97 S.E. 741; or it must be the extempore utterance of the mind under circumstances and at a time when there has been no sufficient opportunity to plan false or misleading statements--such statement as exhibits the mind's impression of immediate events and is not narrative of past happenings. Tiffany on Agency, p. 252; Queen v. Dixie Fire Ins. Co., supra; Hubbard v. Southern R.R., 203 N.C. 675, 166 S.E. 802; Caulder v. Motor Sales, Inc., 221 N.C. 437, 20 S.E.2d 338. On this point Pinnix v. Griffin, supra, is also authoritative.

Statements of an agent that are nothing more than a narrative of a past occurrence, Northwestern Union Packet and which do not characterize or qualify an act presently done within the scope of the agency, Nance v. Norfolk Southern R.R., 189 N.C. 638, 127 S.E. 635, are, as against the principal, nothing more than...